iv Preface. 



there is a large body of work for which no such aid is 

 given, quite sufficient for training in independent and 

 self-reliant study. 



In order that the student may not be hampered with 

 preconceptions of what he is expected to see and to repre- 

 sent, in choosing the illustrations care has been exercised 

 to avoid in most instances those subjects which he is 

 required to * draw in his laboratory book. And that the 

 main facts about the nature of plants may be kept plainly 

 before the student, glossology has for the most part been 

 kept from the discussions and placed in compact form in 

 Part III. 



I wish to acknowledge my special indebtedness to my 

 colleague, Professor M. A. Barber, in conjunction with 

 whom a large part of the course here outlined has been 

 worked out. He has read most of the manuscript and 

 has made many helpful suggestions. 



The manuscript has been examined by Dr. C. E. Mc- 

 Clung, Associate Professor of Zoology, University of 

 Kansas; Dr. V. M. Spalding, Professor of Botany, Uni- 

 versity of Michigan; Dr. John W. Harshberger, Instructor 

 in Botany, University of Pennsylvania; Dr. Rodney H. 

 True, Plant Physiologist, Department of Agriculture, 

 Washington, D.C. ; Mr. L. Murbach, Central High School, 

 Detroit, Michigan; Principal Maurice Ricker, High School, 

 Burlington, Iowa. 



The proof has been read by Dr. D. M. Mottier, Pro- 

 fessor of Botany, University of Indiana; Dr. Charles H. 

 Clark, Phillips Academy, Exeter, New Hampshire ; Dr. 

 F. C. Newcombe, Junior Professor of Botany, University 

 of Michigan ; B. M. Stigall, Instructor in Biology, Manual 

 Training High School, Kansas City, Missouri. 



Dr. E. C. Franklin, Professor of Physical Chemistry, 



