434 



Introduction to Botany. 



Pronuba moth, 196-201. 



Protective adaptations, 31T. 



Proteid, test for, 12. 



Proteids, 96 ; manufacture of, 91. 



Proterandrous, 176. 



Proterogynous, 1T6. 



Prothallia, 288. 



Prothallium, 208. 



Protonema, 287. 



Protoplasm, streaming of, 103. 



Protoplast, 105 ; sensibility of, 118. 



Prunus chicasa, 234. 



Puccinia, 280. 



Quaternary, exodus southward in, 356 ; north- 

 ward migration in, 858. 

 Quercus virens, 841. 



Eaceme, 158. 



Eaces, 361. 



Eadicle, 7. 



Eainfall, effect of annual, 840. 



Eainfall map, 332, 833. 



Eanunculus, 147 ; abortivus, 231 ; fluitans, 

 325, 327. 



Eaphia tsedigera, 97. 



Eaw materials, supply of, 93. 



Eeagents, 881 ; applying, 878. 



Eeceptacle, 165, 166. 



Eelationship, best evidence of, 864. 



Eeproduction, different methods of, 162 ; 

 relative values of asexual and sexual, 169. 



Eeserve materials, circulation of, 21 ; loca- 

 tion of, in stems, etc., 69. 



Eespiration, 92 ; essential process of, 181. 



Eesting spore, 168. 



Ehizoid, 289. 



Ehododendrons, Cretaceous, 855. 



Eing leaf, 205. 



Eings of annual growth, 114; constitution 

 of, 115. 



Eoot hairs, 26 ; action of, 35 ; importance of, 

 33 ; relation of, to water-conducting tubes, 

 40 ; structure of, 35. 



Eoots, adventitious, 44 ; aerial, 41 ; clinging, 

 48; definition of, 44; demonstration of 

 erosive action of, 28 ; demonstration of 

 region of growth of, 30 ; directive forces 

 affecting, 43 ; early formation of, 26 ; ex- 

 tent of, 39 ; force of absorption by, 29 ; 

 functions of, 31 ; modified, 138 ; necessary 

 substances absorbed by, 99 ; parasitic, 40 ; 

 prop, 41 ; region of growth of, 30 ; relation 

 of, to leaves, 99 ; of water plants, 40. 



Eosa Arkansana, 236. 



Bose, 180, 207 ; diagram of flower of, 206. 



Eubus hispidus, 362, 368. 

 Eubus villosus, 361, 863. 

 Euscus, 140, 141. 

 Eusts, 264, 279. 



Safranin, 888. 



Sagittaria, 62, 73. 



Sahara, vegetation of, 346. 



Salix, 229 ; polaris, 344. 



Salts, effect of excess of, 315. 



Salvia, cross pollination of, 188. 



Saprophytic fungi, 277. 



Sarcobatus baileyi, 346. 



Sarracenia*variolaris, 144. 



Sassafras, Cretaceous, 355. 



Scape, 219. 



Scarlet runner, 128. 



Sclerenchyma ring, 50. 



Scolopendrium, 292 ; officinarum, 809. 



Sealing in balsam, 388. 



Section cutting, 376, 382, 388. 



Sedum, 142. 



Seed-coats, 6. 



Seed dispersion, importance of, 208. 



Seedlings, providing for students' use, 5. 



Seed, protection of, 18. 



Seeds, dispersion of, by birds and other ani- 

 mals, 215 ; by elastic tissues, 210 ; by 

 winds, 211 ; various devices for dispersion 

 of, 212 ; importance of dispersion of, 208 ; 

 method of planting, 5 ; migration by, 209 ; 

 multiplication and migration by, 17 ; 

 nature and purposes of, 16 ; size of, 27. 



Selaginella, 202, 203, 204. 



Self fertilization, 170. 



Sempervivum tectorum, 309. 



Sensitive plant, 124, 125, 126. 



Sepal, 164. 



Sequoia, 355 ; distribution of, in Cretaceous 

 period, 355 ; extermination of, in Europe 

 and Asia, 356 ; photograph of, 857. 



Sexual and asexual generations, comparison 

 of, 294. 



Sharpening knives, etc., 378, 879. 



Shoot, upward growth of, 55. 



Shrankia uncinata, 126. 



Siberian forests, 810. 



Sicyos angulatus, 316. 



Sieve tubes, 59 ; movement in, 61. 



Sigillarias, 353, 354. 



Sisyrinchium, 224, 227. 



Slime moulds, 251 ; formation of spores of, 

 253 ; nature of, 252. 



Smilax, 111, 134; chloroplasts in, 809. 



Smuts, 264. 



Snakeroot, 208, 216. 



Soil, 315 ; effect of character of, 330 ; forma- 



