Introduction to Botany. 



Subkingdom III. Pteridophyta. Vascular Cryptogams. Ferns, Horse- 

 tails, Club-mosses. 



Plant body differentiated into true roots and leaf-bearing shoots. True 

 vascular bundles are present. Reproduction as in the Bryophytes. The ger- 

 mination of asexual spores results in small prothallia, which bear sexual 

 reproductive organs. The asexual generation or sporophyte is the more con- 

 spicuous. See Botany, page 292. 



Subkingdom IV. Spermatophyta. Seed-bearing plants. Flowering 



plants. 



Plant body differentiated into true roots and leaf-bearing shoots. Special 

 shoots, with shortened internodes and modified leaves, form flowers for the 

 purpose of reproduction. After the fertilization of the egg the embryonic leaf- 

 bearing plant (the embryo in the seed) is formed, but soon temporarily ceases 

 to grow, and remains in an inactive condition until the germination of the seed. 

 Sexual generation, or gametophyte, reduced to one or a few cells within the 

 pollen grain and ovule. See Botany, page 166. 



