8 Introduction to Botany. 



A. Corolla and sometimes calyx wanting. 



Flowers monoecious or dioecious; staminate, and sometimes pistillate flowers in 



catkins. 



Leaves oddly-pinnate. Fruit, a nut inclosed in a husk. JUG LAND ACE,E, page 27. 



Leaves simple. Fruit, a i-celled, many-seeded pod. Seeds downy-tufted at 



one end. SALICACE^E, page 29. 



Leaves simple. The 2-7-celled ovary becoming a i-celled, i-seeded nut, often 



associated with an involucre, as in the oak and hazel nut. 



CUPULIFER/E, page 30. 

 Flowers not in catkins. 



Pistil more than i, ovary, or its cells, containing i or only a few ovules. 



Pistils few to many, and distinct or nearly so, calyx petallike. Flowers not in 

 panicles. RANUNCULACE^, page 38. 



Pistils 3 'to 6, calyx petallike. Flowers in drooping panicles. 



MENISPERMACEyE, page 44. 



Pistil i, simple or compound. 



Herbs (sometimes shrubs or trees). 



Ovary i-celled, inferior; ovules 2-4. SANTALACE/E, page 34. 



Ovary i-celled, invested by the tube of the corollalike calyx. 



NYCTAGINACE^:, page 36. 



Ovary i-celled, free from the commonly petallike calyx; stipules sheath- 

 ing the stem at the nodes. POLYGONACE/E, page 35. 

 Ovary mostly 3-celled. Plants usually exuding a milky secretion when 

 wounded. EUPHORBIACE^:, page 72. 



Shrubs or trees (sometimes herbs). 



Ovules, a pair in each cell of the ovary. 



Fruit a double samara. ACER in SAPINDACEJG, page 74. 



Fruit a i-celled, i-seeded samara. OLEACE.E, page 90. 



Ovules single in each cell of the i-2-celled ovary. 



Style single; anthers generally opening by uplifted valves. 



LAURACE^:, page 44. 



Style 2-cleft. URTICACE^E, page 33. 



Ovules single in each cell of the 2-5-celled ovary. RHAMNACE^E, page 75. 



B. Corolla and calyx present, the former of separate petals, i.e. polypetalous. 



(i) Stamens more than 10, and more than twice the sepals or lobes of the calyx. 

 Pistils numerous, separate, and concealed in a hollow receptacle. 



ROSA in ROSACES, page 62. 



Pistils more than i, separate, surmounting a more or less convex receptacle. 

 Stamens apparently inserted on the calyx, distinct. ROSACES, page 56. 

 Stamens inserted on the receptacle. 



Filaments shorter than the anthers, stamens numerous, sepals 3, 

 petals 6. Trees. ANONACE^E, page 38. 



Filaments longer than the anthers. 



Flowers dioecious; woody climbers with small flowers. 



MENISPERMACE.E, page 44. 



Flowers perfect, petals deciduous. RANUNCULACE.*:, page 38. 

 Pistils several, cohering in a ring; stamens numerous and monadelphous. 



MALVACEAE, page 78. 



