Gymnospermae. 13 



places or pits), produced in the spring, and smaller cavitied tracheids 

 of the later growth. Flowers monoecious, rarely dioecious, borne in 

 catkins, or solitary, destitute of calyx or corolla. 



Leaves needle-shaped, in clusters of 2-5. PINUS I. 



Leaves deciduous, soft and needle-shaped, many in a fascicle. LARIX II. 



Leaves small, closely appressed; branchlets 2-edged and flat. THUYA III. 



Leaves awl-shaped, not closely appressed. JUNIPERUS IV. 



I. PINUS. Pine. 



(The classical Latin name.) 



Leaves of two kinds, the first or primary leaves being in the form of 

 bud scales, from the axils of which the secondary, evergreen, needle- 

 shaped leaves arise, on very short stems, in clusters of 2 to 5. Stami- 

 nate catkins borne at the base of the shoot of the current season ; each 

 stamen borne in the axil of a minute scale ; anthers 2-celled, dehiscing 

 longitudinally. Pistillate catkins, solitary or in clusters, borne just 

 beneath the terminal bud, or laterally on the young shoot ; carpellary 

 scales in the axils of a persistent bract, and bearing a pair of inverted 

 ovules at its base. Fruit, a cone maturing the second autumn. 



1. Pinus Strobus, L. (Latin name of a tree bearing an odoriferous gum.) 

 WHITE PINE. Leaves in clusters of fives. Cone scales but little thickened at the 

 end and not sharp pointed. Cones from 4 to 6 inches long, about I inch thick before 

 the scales spread, often slightly curved. A large forest tree, becoming sometimes 

 175 feet tall. 



2. Pinus echinata, Mill. (L., echinatus, prickly; from echinus, a hedgehog.) 

 YELLOW PINE, SPRUCE PINE. Leaves in clusters of two and three. Cone scales 

 thickened at the apex, with prominent transverse ridge, and slender, straight, 

 deciduous prickle ; cones about 2 inches long and less than i inch thick before 

 the scales spread. 



3. Pinus rigida, Mill. (L., rigidus, rigid, stiff.) PITCH PINE. Leaves in 

 clusters of threes, rarely of fours, dark green and rigid. Cone scales thickened 

 at the apex, with transverse ridge and recurved prickle. Cones from i to 3 inches 

 long, becoming nearly globular when the scales spread ; often borne in clusters. 



4. Pinus sylvestris. (L., sylvestris, belonging to the woods; from sylva, a 

 wood.) Leaves in clusters of twos; cone scales thickened^ the apex; without 

 sharp points; cones tapering. Introduced from Europe, and much planted as an 

 ornamental tree. 



H. LARIX. Larch. 



(The ancient name, probably Celtic.) 



Slender trees with soft, needle-shaped, deciduous leaves, borne many 

 in a fascicle. Catkins in early spring, terminating short spurs on 



