14 Introduction to Botany. 



branches of the previous year. Pistillate catkins crimson or red in 

 flower. Cones maturing the first year; their scales thin, without 

 prickly tips, and persistent. 



1. Larix Americana, Michx. TAMARACK, HACKMATACK, AMERICAN BLACK 

 LARCH. Leaves short, less than i inch long ; cones 5 to 4 inch long ; scales few and 

 rounded. Mainly in cool swamps. 



2. Larix Europaea, Michx. EUROPEAN LARCH. Leaves and cones longer 

 than in the preceding species ; cones many-scaled. Introduced from Europe as 

 an ornamental tree. 



III. THUYA. 



(The ancient name.) 



Trees or shrubs, with short, lance-shaped, or awl-shaped, or even 

 blunt, leaves, which are borne opposite each other in 4 appressed 

 rows. Flowers monoecious, both staminate and pistillate catkins ter- 

 minal and quite small ; staminate catkins globose and pistillate catkins 

 ovoid or oblong. The scales of the pistillate cones opposite, and each 

 with 2 erect ovules (rarely 2-5 ovules). Cones spreading or recurved ; 

 the 6-io coriaceous scales also spreading when mature. 



i. Thuya occidentalis, L. (L., occidentalis, pertaining to the west ; from occi- 

 dere, to set.) ARBOR VlT&, WHITE CEDAR. Conical trees; the 2 lateral rows 

 of leaves keeled and the 2 outer rows flat, giving the branchlets a 2-edged appear- 

 ance. Mature cones from \ to inch long, with obtuse scales. Commonly planted 

 as an ornamental tree. 



IV. JUNIPERUS. Juniper. 



(Name Celtic.) 



Trees or shrubs, with opposite 4-ranked leaves, or leaves verticillate 

 in threes; leaves small and lance- or awl-shaped. Flowers usually 

 dioecious, but sometimes monoecious ; catkins very small, the staminate 

 oblong or ovoid, and the pistillate globose, consisting of a few fleshy 

 scales, each bearing a single erect ovule, or rarely two ovules. Globose 

 cones berrylike by a coalescence of the scales, and containing 1-6 

 bony seeds. 



1. Juniperus communis, L. (L., communis, common.) JUNIPER. Shrub or 

 low tree. Leaves in whorls of 3, linear, awl-shaped; aments axillary, cones 

 berrylike. 



2. Juniperus Virginiana, L. RED CEDAR or SAVIN. From shrubs to tall trees. 

 Leaves mostly opposite and of two forms, awl-shaped, or scalelike. Aments 

 terminal. Heart wood red and fragrant. 



