34 Introduction to Botany. 



n. CELTIS. Hackberry. 



(Pliny's name for an African lotus.) 



Trees or shrubs, bearing polygamous or monoecious, rarely dioecious, 

 flowers in the axils of leaves on shoots of the current season. Stami- 

 nate flowers in clusters, and the pistillate usually solitary, but sometimes 

 in clusters of 2 or 3. Sepals distinct or calyx 4-6-parted. Ovary 

 i-celled, with a single ovule. Fruit an ovoid or globose drupe. 



i. Celtis occidentalis, L. (L., occidentalis, western.) HACKBERRY. Leaves 

 ovate or ovate-lanceolate, often inequilateral, serrate, usually thin. The globose 

 drupes purple, black, or orange when mature. In woods and along river banks. 



m. MORUS. Mulberry. 



(The classical Latin name.) 



Trees or shrubs with milky sap. Flowers monoecious or dioecious, 

 the staminate and pistillate flowers on separate spikes, the pistillate 

 spikes becoming juicy, aggregate fruits. Stamens 4; perianth 4-parted, 

 persisting in the pistillate flowers and becoming fleshy, and inclosing 

 the ovary, in the fruit. 



i. Morus rubra, L. (L., ruber, red.) RED MULBERRY. Leaves ovate to or- 

 bicular, rough above and pubescent beneath. Pistillate spikes i to 15 inches 

 long ; staminate spikes longer. Fruit dark purple when ripe. In rich woods. 



SANTALACE.3S. SANDALWOOD FAMILY. 



Herbs or shrubs. Leaves entire, opposite or alternate, from oval to 

 lanceolate. Flowers perfect, monoecious or dioecious ; inflorescence 

 various. Calyx campanulate, 3-6-lobed, adnate to the ovary below. 

 Stamens of the same number as the calyx lobes and opposite them. 

 Ovules 2-4 and pendulous from the top of the i -celled ovary. Fruit a 

 i -seeded drupe or nut. 



I. COMANDRA. Bastard Toadflax. 



(Gr. , konte, hair, and andres, for stamens, in allusion to hairs on calyx lobes attached to 



the stamens.) 



Erect perennial herbs, sometimes growing parasitically on the roots 

 of other plants. Stamens 5, rarely 4, inserted at the base of the lobes 

 of the campanulate or urn-shaped calyx, and between the lobes of a 



