Dicotyledones. 59 



spherical, many-flowered, i to 2 inches across. Flowers white or purplish. Pods 

 purplish and conspicuous. River banks and rocky places. 



IV. RUBUS. Bramble. Raspberry. Blackberry. 



(The Roman name, allied to L., ruber, red.) 



Herbs, shrubs, or trailing vines. Calyx without bractlets, 5-parted. 

 Petals 5 ; stamens numerous. Carpels several, seldom few, on a convex 

 or elongate receptacle, ripening into drupelets and forming an aggregate 

 fruit. Flowers usually white, sometimes pink or purple, and fruit edible. 



1. Rubus strigosus, Michx. (L., strigosus, lean or thin.) WILD RED RASP- 

 BERRY. Biennial shrubby stems, 3 to 6 feet high, densely covered with weak, 

 glandular bristles, or hooked prickles on the older stems. Leaves 3-5-foliate, 

 leaflets ovate or ovate-oblong. Inflorescence both terminal and axillary. Flowers 

 white, 3 to 5 inch broad ; petals and sepals about equal, both spreading. Fruit light 

 red, elongate-hemispheric. Hills and thickets. 



2. Rubus occidentalis, L. (L., occidentalis, western.) BLACK RASPBERRY. 

 THIMBLEBERRY. Stems canelike and recurved, sometimes as much as 12 feet 

 long, decidedly glaucous, and sparingly beset with small, hooked prickles. Leaves 

 mostly 3-foliate, serrate, and somewhat incised, white-pubescent beneath. Inflores- 

 cence usually terminal, compact-corymbose. Fruit purple black, hemispheric. 



3. Rubus triflorus, Richardson. (L., fri, three ; fas, floris, flower.) DWARF 

 RASPBERRY. Stems 6 to 18 inches long, trailing or ascending, somewhat pubescent, 

 and without prickles. Leaves pedately or pinnately 3-foliate, sometimes 5-foliate. 

 Flowers 1-3 on slender, glandular-pubescent peduncles; sepals reflexed. Fruit 

 red purple. Swamps or wooded hillsides. 



4. Rubus hispidus, L. (L., hispidus, bristly.) RUNNING SWAMP BLACK- 

 BERRY. Stems slender and creeping, slightly woody, beset with weak bristles; 

 erect or ascending branches, 4 to 12 inches long, with few or no prickles. Leaves 

 of 3, rarely 5 obovate, obtuse, unevenly serrate leaflets. Flowers racemose and 

 axillary or terminal, 5 to inch in diameter. Fruit composed of a few drupelets, 

 small, black, and sour, remaining on the receptacle. In low woods or swamps. 



5. Rubus trivialis, Michx. (L,., trivialis, common.) LOW-BUSH BLACKBERRY. 

 Stems several feet long, trailing or procumbent, bristly and prickly. Leaves mostly 

 3-foliate, coriacious and evergreen, nearly or quite glabrous. Peduncles prickly, 

 i-3-flowered. Flowers about i inch broad. Sepals reflexed, much shorter than the 

 petals. Fruit black, sometimes i inch long, pleasant, remaining on the receptacle. 

 In sandy soil. 



6. Rubus Canadensis, L. LOW-RUNNING BLACKBERRY or DEWBERRY. 

 Stems shrubby, becoming several feet long, and trailing, naked or with scattered 

 prickles. Leaves 3-y-foliate, leaflets ovate to ovate-lanceolate. Flowers few, termi- 

 nal, and racemose or solitary; peduncles leafy. Fruit delicious, sometimes i inch 

 long, remaining on the receptacle. In dry soil. 



