8o Introduction to Botany. 



Acaulescent from a rootstock. 



Flowers various shades of violet and purple to almost white. 

 Lateral petals bearded. 



(a-) Outer leaves crenate-dentate, inner leaves variously palmately lobed. 



VIOLA PALMATA I. 

 (6) Leaves pedately parted into linear, obtuse lobes. VIOLA PEDATIFIDA II. 



(c) Leaves reniform to ovate-wedge-shaped, cordate at the base; margins crenate- 



dentate; plants glabrous. VIOLA CUCULLATA III. 



(d) Leaves ovate to orbicular-ovate; peduncles and other parts of the plant 



villous. VIOLA SOKAKIA IV. 



Lateral petals beardless. 



(a) Leaves pedately parted or divided. VIOLA PEDATA V. 



(6) Leaves ovate to orbicular, cordate at the base, crenate-margined, sweet-scented. 



Cultivated. VIOLA ODORATA VI. 



(c) Leaves lanceolate to linear-lanceolate. VIOLA LANCEOLATA VII. 



Caulescent. 



Flowers yellow. 



(a) Leaves reniform to broadly ovate; plant villous or pubescent. 



VIOLA PUBESCENS VIII. 



(3) Leaves reniform to ovate, only slightly pubescent; stems slender or decumbent. 



VIOLA SCABRIUSCULA IX. 

 Flowers various shades of blue or violet to white, rarely yellowish. 



(a) Leaves ovate to nearly orbicular, acuminate or acute ; stipules ovate to lanceo- 



late and entire. VIOLA CANADENSIS X. 



(b) Leaves as above, but stipules dentate, pinnatifid, or fimbriate. 



VIOLA STRIATA XI. 



(c) Leaves varying from nearly orbicular to oblong-ovate or oblong-elliptic; stip- 



ules large and leaflike, pinnatifid or lyrate. VIOLA TRICOLOR XII. 



(d) Leaves, etc., similar to the above, but the whole plant smaller and more slender. 



VlOLA TENELLA XIII. 



1. Viola palmata, L. (L., palmatus, hand-shaped.) EARLY BLUE VIOLET. 

 Acaulescent, leaves and flowers arising from a rootstock which is scaly and thick. 

 Outer and lower leaves crenate-dentate, inner leaves variously palmately lobed. 

 Flowers blue of different shades, sometimes nearly white. Lateral petals bearded ; 

 styles beardless. Mostly in woods. 



2. Viola pedatifida, Don. (L., pes, pedis, the foot; findo, fidi, to divide.) 

 PRAIRIE VIOLET. Acaulescent. Leaves and flowers from a short, scaly root- 

 stock. Leaves pedately parted into linear, obtuse lobes. Flowers bright blue; 

 lateral petals bearded. On prairies. 



3. Viola cucullata, Ait. (L., cucullus, a hood.) MEADOW or HOODED VIOLET. 

 Acaulescent from a thick, scaly rootstock. Leaves varying from reniform to ovate- 

 wedge-shaped, cordate at the base, crenate-dentate. Flowers blue, varying to white ; 

 lateral petals bearded. Plants glabrous, or only slightly pubescent when young. 

 Common in various habitats. 



4. Viola sororia, Willd. (L., sororius, sisterly.) WOOLLY BLUE VIOLET. 

 Acaulescent from short and thick rootstock. 'Leaves mostly ovate or orbicular- 

 ovate, pointed at the apex and cordate at the base. Leaves crenate-villous when 

 young, but becoming less so with age; ascending. Flowers blue; petals more or 

 less bearded. Peduncles villous. Mostly in shady, dry soil. 



