Dicotyledones. 83 



disk crowning the ovary. Fruit consisting of 2 seedlike carpels, each 

 of which bears 5 primary ribs, and often 4 intermediate ones. Longi- 

 tudinal oil tubes commonly occur in the tissue of the carpels between 

 the ribs ; these are best seen in cross sections of the carpels. 



I. HERACLEUM. Cow Parsnip. 



(Named for Herakles, Greek form of Hercules.) 



Tall, stout, and often pubescent perennials, with large, ternately 

 compound leaves and broad, compound umbels of white flowers. 

 Involucre of the general umbel deciduous or 

 none ; bracts of the involucels numerous and 

 linear. Calyx teeth obsolete or wanting. 

 Petals obcordate, the outer commonly larger 

 and 2-cleft. Stylopodium or disklike expan- 

 sion at the base of the style common in this 

 family, thick and conic. Fruit broadly oval, 

 obovate, or orbicular, flattened dorsally, and 

 broadly winged on the sides. Ribs filiform 

 with a single oil tube in each interval between 

 the ribs extending only halfway down the 

 fruit, as seen in cross sections. 



i. Heracleum lanatum, Michx. (L., lanatus, 

 woolly.) Cow PARSNIP. Stems 4 to 8 feet high, 

 stout, ribbed, and woolly. Leaflets broad, irregularly 

 lobed and cut-toothed, pubescent beneath. In moist 

 ground. 



FIG. 349. 



Diagrams of Carum Carvi : 

 i, a single flower; 2, lon- 

 gitudinal diagram of a 

 flower ; 3, ripened fruit ; 

 4, cross-section of a fruit, 

 showing oil ducts in black. 

 AFTER WOSSIDLO. . 



H. PASTINACA. Parsnip. 



(The Latin name, from pastus, food.) 



Mostly biennial, tall, branching, and glabrous herbs. Leaves pin- 

 nately compound. Flowers yellow in compound umbels; involucre 

 and involucels usually wanting. Calyx teeth obsolete. Stylopodium 

 depressed. Fruit flattened dorsally, winged on the margins, and with 

 filiform ribs on the back : a single oil tube in each interval. 



i. Pastinaca sativa, L. (L., sativus, that is sown or plan ted.) WILD PARSNIP. 

 Stems 2 to 5 feet high from a fleshy, conic root. Lower leaves about i| feet long, 

 petioled, pinnately compound; upper leaves much smaller; leaflets cut-toothed. 

 Roadsides and waste places. 



