Dicotyledones. 97 



i. Cynoglossum officinale, L. (L., officina, a workshop.) COMMON HOUND'S 

 TONGUE. 15 to 3 feet high. Soft, hairy biennial. Upper leaves lanceolate and 

 sessile ; lower leaves broadly lanceolate, tapering into a long petiole. Flowers in 

 simple or branched racemes, which elongate in fruit. Calyx lobes ovate-lanceolate. 

 Corolla reddish purple, sometimes white, about inch in diameter. Nutlets 

 flattened on their upper face. In pastures and waste places. 



II. LITHOSPERMUM. Gromwell or Puccoon. 

 (Gr., lithos, stone; sperma, seed, from the hardness of the seeds.) 



Hairy or rough annual, biennial, or perennial, with alternate, entire, 

 sessile leaves. Roots thick and often reddish. Flowers in leafy-bracted 

 racemes or spikes, or solitary. Calyx 5-cleft or parted, with narrow 

 lobes. Corolla salver-form or funnel-form, sometimes crested or pubes- 

 cent in the throat. Stamens 5, included, inserted on the tube of the 

 corolla and alternate with its lobes. Nutlets 4 or less, white and 

 shining or brown and wrinkled. 



1. Lithospermum canescens, Lehm. (L., canescens, becoming hoary.) HOARY 

 PUCCOON. Perennial, pubescent, and somewhat hoary, 6 to 18 inches high. Leaves 

 oblong or ovate-oblong, blunt, downy beneath and roughish above. Flowers in 

 short, leafy racemes. Segments of the calyx linear-lanceolate, shorter than the 

 tube of the corolla. Corolla orange-yellow with rounded, entire lobes, crested in 

 the throat. Nutlets white, smooth, and shining. On prairies or in open woods. 



2. Lithospermum angustifolium, Michx. (L., angustus, narrow ; folium, leaf.) 

 NARROW-LEAVED PUCCOON. Pubescent and rough perennial from a deep root, 

 6 to 18 inches high. Leaves linear and acute. Flowers in terminal, leafy racemes. 

 The early flowers more showy and with longer tubes than the later. Corolla of the 

 early flowers about i inch long, bright yellow, the tube much longer than the seg- 

 ments of the calyx, the lobes erose-denticulate, and the throat crested. Pedicels 

 of the later, cleistogamous flowers recurved in fruit. Nutlets white and shining, 

 often punctate. On prairies or in dry soil. 



3. Lithospermum arvense, L. (L., arvum, a plowed field.) CORN GROM- 

 WELL. Rough, somewhat hoary. Leaves lanceolate to linear. Flowers whitish ; 

 corolla scarcely longer than the calyx ; throat naked. In waste soil. 



III. ONOSMODIUM. False Gromwell. 



(Named from resemblance to genus Onosma.) 



Stout-bristly or rough-pubescent perennial herb, with alternate, entire, 

 prominently veined leaves and white, greenish, or yellowish flowers in 

 leafy-bracted scorpioid racemes or spikes. Calyx with 5 narrow seg- 

 ments. Corolla tubular or tubular-funnel-form with 5 erect lobes. 



