H2 Introduction to Botany. 



Stamens 4, or sometimes 3, exserted. Ovary 2-celled with i ovule in 

 each cavity. Fruit separating into 2 i-seeded carpels. 



1. Galium Aparine, L. (Gr., aparine, goose-grass.) CLEAVERS or GOOSE- 

 GRASS. Weak annual ; the stem becoming 2 to 5 feet long, beset with backward- 

 growing bristles. Leaves lanceolate or oblanceolate, i to 3 inches long, about 8 in 

 a whorl, rough on margins and midrib. Flowers white, 1-3 in the axils. In shaded 

 grounds, or habitat various. 



2. Galium circaezans, Michx. WILD LIQUORICE. Somewhat pubescent 

 perennial, i to 2 feet high. Leaves ovate to oval-lanceolate, 4 in a whorl. Pe- 

 duncles forked ; corolla greenish, hairy outside. In dry woods. 



CAPRIFOLIACE^. HONEYSUCKLE FAMILY. 



Shrubs and woody vines, or sometimes herbs, with opposite, exstip- 

 ulate leaves. Calyx 3~5-toothed or lobed, its tube coherent with the 

 ovary. Corolla gamopetalous, rotate to tubular. Stamens 5, or some- 

 times 4, inserted on the tube of the corolla alternate with its lobes. 

 Ovary i-6-celled. Fruit a berry, drupe, or capsule. 



I. SAMBUCUS. Elder. 



(The Latin name.) 



Shrubs, with pinnate leaves and serrate or laciniate leaflets, and 

 small, white flowers in dense, compound cymes. Calyx tube 3~5-toothed 

 or lobed. Corolla somewhat campanulate, 3~5-lobed. Stamens 5, in- 

 serted on the base of the corolla. Ovary 3-5-celled. Stigmas 3. 

 Fruit a small, berrylike, juicy drupe. 



1. Sambucus Canadensis, L. COMMON ELDER. Nearly glabrous, 3 to 10 

 feet high. Younger stems with large, white pith. Leaflets 5-11, ovate or oval, ser- 

 rate, acuminate. Cymes broad and flat. Fruit purple to black. Usually in moist 

 soil. 



2. Sambucus racemosa, L. (L., racemosus, full of clusters.) RED-BERRIED 

 ELDER. 2 to 12 feet high, with commonly pubescent twigs and leaves, and warty 

 bark. Leaflets 5-7, ovate-lanceolate, sharply serrate. Cymes somewhat pyramidal. 

 Fruit bright red. In rocky places. 



H. VIBURNUM. 



(The Latin name.) 



Shrubs or trees, with simple leaves and mostly white flowers in com- 

 pound cymes. Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla deeply 5-lobed, spreading. 

 Stamens 5, inserted on the tube of the corolla, exserted. Ovary in- 



