MAN 263 



in conformity with, or in opposition to, our moral 

 perceptions. Further we possess a power of language 

 entirely different from that of any other animal, as will 

 appear at the end of this chapter. 



As we are unable to entertain any thought without 

 the accompaniment of some mental image or phantasm 

 (as it is sometimes called), so we are unable to com- 

 municate our thoughts to others without giving them 

 some audible or visible signs, and this fact makes 

 language absolutely necessary for a social being such 

 as man. 



But man differs from other animals, in the long time 

 he takes to attain the power of self-preservation and to 

 reach maturity. Long absolutely dependent on parental 

 aid, he requires the society of his fellow-creatures in 

 order that he may attain anything like his normal intellec- 

 tual development. It is from his fellows that he learns 

 the use of language, without the possession of which it is 

 impossible to make any considerable advance in know- 

 ledge.* 



In the present chapter, it only remains for us to 

 examine briefly what appears to be the intellectual 

 nature of the lower races of mankind (with a view to 

 forming a judgment as to whether they possess the same 

 essential powers of mind as those which we ourselves 

 enjoy) and to consider language. 



Mankind at the present moment, consists of a great 

 diversity of tribes and races, aggregated, partly into larger 

 natural groups, and partly into political aggregations 

 states or nations. Each tribe, each race, each group of 

 races, and each state or nation, has, of course, its 

 separate history and its greater or less antiquity, its 



* >ee "The Qrigin of Human Reason," pp. 166-171, 



