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(2) Sounds which are articulate but not rational, 

 such as many oaths and exclamations, and the words of 

 certain idiots, who will repeat, without comprehending, 

 every phrase they hear. This habit is parallel to that 

 power of irrationally emitting articulate sounds which 

 some birds possess. 



(3) Gestures which do not answer to rational con- 

 ceptions, but are the bodily signs of pain or pleasure, of 

 passion or emotion. 



The subdivisions of the language of the intellect are : 



(1) Sounds which are rational but not articulate, 

 such as inarticulate ejaculations by which we some- 

 times express assent to, or dissent from, given pro- 

 positions. 



(2) Sounds which are both rational and articulate, 

 constituting true " speech." 



(3) Gestures which give expression to rational con- 

 ceptions, and are therefore corporeal, but not " oral," 

 manifestations of abstract thought. Such are many 

 of the gestures of deaf-mutes, who, being incapable of 

 articulating words, have invented or acquired a true 

 gesture-language. 



(4) A peculiar modification of gesture which takes 

 the shape of (a) pictorial signs of objects or actions ; or 

 (b) signs of sounds which, taken together, form words 

 signifying abstract ideas (i.) picture ; or (ii.) written 

 language. 



Thus the essence of true, or intellectual, language is 

 mental, and is a form of intellectual activity which, as 

 the mental constituent of speech, may be distinguished 

 as the " mental word " or verbum mentale. The other 

 element of speech, that which gives it external ex- 

 pression, may, on the other hand, be distingushed as the 

 " spoken word " or verbum oris. The latter ever follows 



