HISTORY 343 



give up all her African conquests, and become a de- 

 pendent ally, bound not to make war without Rome's 

 consent. 



Half a century later, the sovereign of the African 

 kingdom of Numidia (which had been freed from the 

 dominion of Carthage), who had been an ally of Rome in 

 war, became at variance with Carthage, and this led to 

 the third Punic war, which, after a struggle of only 

 three years, ended in the destruction of the great 

 African city (146 B.C.) and the reduction of its territory 

 to the condition of a Roman province. 



Meantime, during the second Punic war, the Romans 

 had begun a strife which ended in the subjugation of 

 Macedonia and Greece, which, with the exception of 

 Athens and a few other cities, was completed at the 

 same epoch as that wherein Carthage was destroyed. 

 During these Macedonian wars, Antiochus the Great* 

 crossed the ^Egean Sea (192 B.C.) to aid the Greeks, 

 but was driven back by the Romans, who followed and 

 again defeated him. The result was that his dominions, 

 which had previously extended from the ^Egean to far 

 beyond the Tigris, were reduced to Syria, with Antioch 

 for its capital, the conquered country being divided 

 between Rome's allies, whereby the Romans became the 

 real masters of Western Asia. 



The Cisalpine Gauls had greatly aided Hannibal in his 

 invasion of Italy, in consequence of which they were 

 likewise subjugated (about 191 B.C.), as also Liguria and 

 the Venetian territory, so that all we now call Italy 

 became then subject to Rome. 



In the third century B.C. Spain was almost entirely 

 peopled by Basques (called Iberians), save that Celts 



gee ante, p. 334. 



