II 



POND, LAKE, AND STREAM. MAY TO JULY 



NOTE TO TEACHER. A walk to a place, where, at least, several of 

 the features mentioned below can be seen, must precede this lesson. 



MATKRIAL : Twigs of willows, alder, tamarack, dogwood, rushes, 

 wild rice, sagittaria, water lilies, and other aquatic plants; various 

 aquatic insects. Place some stagnant water in a glass and notice the 

 large number of very small animals in it. The children should have 

 observed the swimming and diving of ducks and geese. 



12. Near standing and running water, we find the 

 plants entirely different from those on high ground. 

 Poplars grow on the moist slope and willows frequently 

 form thickets in swamps and near streams and lakes. 

 Other characteristic plants are the tall grasses and rushes, 

 which fringe our lakes and rivers and often entirely cover 

 marshes and ponds. All of you know the beautiful cat- 

 tails, of which the boys sometimes make torches by dipping 

 them into kerosene, and you have also observed the tall, 

 round rush, which grows in streaks and patches in our 

 lakes, where the water is from two to six feet deep. 

 Where the lake or pond has a muddy bottom, you found 

 the lovely water lilies with their large leaves floating on 

 the surface. You also found, in shallow places, very small 

 roundish green leaves with very short rootlets, that did 

 not reach down into the mud. These little plants are 

 called duckweeds. Along the shore we found many frogs. 



Observations. Along roads, streets, railroads, on ploughed fields, and 

 near streams, find places where running water has washed some of the soil 

 away. 



c 17 



