120 HANDBOOK OF NATURE STUDY 



What the dog had to learn, and how Us body ivas changed : 



1. Was originally wild; hunted and killed animals as 

 wolves do to-day. 



2. Has become used to man and obeys his word. 



3. Hunting dogs have learned to pursue or fetch game 

 without eating or injuring it. 



4. Shepherd dogs take care of sheep; must often bite 

 them, but do not seriously injure them or kill them. Do 

 not seize them by the throat as their wild ancestors and 

 relatives did, but bite them in the legs. 



5. Watchdogs know their master's family, friends, and 

 property ; keep off thieves. 



6. Most dogs differ much in size, shape, and color from 

 their ancient prototypes, the wolves and jackals. 



How the horse changed, and what he learned : 



1. Originally roamed wild over the plains. Wild and half- 

 wild horses are extremely shy and wary. 



2. Had to overcome his fear of man, dogs, etc. 



3. Became used to harness, saddle, and bit. 



4. Some became much larger, others smaller than their 

 wild prototype ; some developed great strength, others great 

 speed, others great endurance. 



5. Both dog and horse, but especially the former, have 

 grown in intelligence. 



Changes in cattle : 



1. No longer wild and ferocious. 



2. Became accustomed to the yoke. 



3. Will give their milk to man. 



4. Some breeds produce much more milk (Jerseys), others 

 much more beef than wild cattle. 



CJianges in the pig : 



1. Has lost the extreme wildness of its prototype. 



