FOREST TREES IN THEIR WINTER CONDITION 135 



iar ridges. The branchlets are light red during the first 

 winter, and change later into light or dark brown. Young 

 acorns, about the size of a small pea, can be found on the 

 branchlets in winter. These acorns mature the following 

 summer. 



This tree has the most beautiful scarlet foliage in autumn, 

 which changes to brown in winter, many of the leaves re- 

 maining on the tree until spring. 



14. Hackberry, Sugar Berry. Celtis ocddentalis. 



Tree about twenty-five to forty feet high, with spreading, 

 sometimes pendulous branches, which form a symmetrical, 

 round-topped head. Bark of the trunk light brown or sil- 

 very gray, very much broken on the surface, sometimes with 

 irregular, wart-like excrescences. Branchlets slightly zig- 

 zag, slender, often two or three close together near the ends 

 of small branches, red-brown and marked with oblong leaf- 

 scars the first winter, gradually becoming dark brown. 

 Buds ovate, pointed, flattened by the pressure of the stem. 



15. The Linden, or Basswood. Tilia Americana. 



Tree about forty feet high. Bark dark brown, much fur- 

 rowed, the surface broken into small, thin scales ; inner bark 

 fibrous and very tough. Branches slender, often pendulous. 

 Twigs at first greenish or reddish brown, but soon turning 

 dark gray. Buds about one-fourth of an inch long, and 

 nearly as thick, rich red-brown or cherry, glossy, slightly 

 mucilaginous. 



3. Review and Summary. 



We have learned that all of our native trees, with the ex- 

 ception of evergreens, have no leaves in winter. The leaves, 

 as well as the flowers for next season, are contained in a 

 rudimentary state in the buds, which are protected by scales. 

 These scales protect the tiny leaves and flowers against sud- 



