APPENDIX 



I. FIELD WORK AND FIELD LESSONS 



WHILE you are studying in school the topics treated in a certain 

 chapter, let the pupils make outdoor observations for the topics of 

 the next chapter. You will find many suggestions for these obser- 

 vations in the foot-notes, but you will obtain the best results if you 

 carefully adapt the Nature Study work to the locality and con- 

 ditions of your school. 



Besides the observations, which the pupils should make for them- 

 selves, several well-planned field lessons should be given by the 

 teacher, who must be thoroughly familiar with the woods, or field, 

 or valley where the lesson is to be given. It is a good plan to tell 

 the children what they are expected to look for and to find. 

 About the time, the distance, and the number of pupils for these 

 field lessons, the teacher is the best judge. This book treats the 

 subject of Nature Study without taking into account the summer 

 vacation. As summer is the best time for observing plant and 

 animal life, the teacher should give the pupils a syllabus of obser- 

 vations to be made during vacation, and should ask for reports on 

 these at the next opening of school. 



II. MATERIAL 



It is not expected that every teacher will be able to procure all 

 the material mentioned for each lesson. The pupils will gladly 

 collect anything they can find ; but the teacher should observe what 

 is said in the preface on this subject, or the whole subject of Nature 

 Study may fall into disrepute. The teacher who would undertake 

 to teach Nature Study without outdoor observations, field lessons, 

 and material will simply make a farce out of it, and increase the 

 evil of bookishness and verbalism ; in other words, she will lead 

 the children to talk about things that they do not know. 



313 



