CAMERAS 5 



up a studio or field camera, and reserve it for photo- 

 micrography. Nor is there any need for discouragement 

 when faced with these alternatives to a first-class pro- 

 fessionally made outfit. If the camera fulfils the require- 

 ments set out below, it will answer the purpose admirably, 

 and if set up in conjunction with the other apparatus with 

 care and judgment, there is no reason at all why it should 

 not serve for work of the very highest class. 



In the first place, the base of the camera must lie 

 perfectly flat on the table or board on which it is fixed, 

 and the back must be capable of being adjusted so rigidly 

 at right angles to this that the insertion of the dark slide, 

 or the drawing of the shutter, causes no movement. The 

 lens must be removable, as it is not used in photomicro- 

 graphy, and there must be a ground-glass focussing screen. 

 In addition, a long extension will be found very advan- 

 tageous, and if the camera can be extended from the 

 back whilst the front remains in its original position, so 

 much the better. A square bellows stand camera with 

 a front of the same size as the back meets these require- 

 ments admirably, and it is easy to obtain an old-fashioned 

 one without a lens for a very few shillings. A box camera 

 fitted with focussing screen and dark slides can be used, 

 and has the advantage of great rigidity, but the very 

 great disadvantage that only one magnification can be 

 obtained with one combination of objective and eye- 

 piece, an objection that almost rules this kind of camera 

 out for all-round work. A hand and stand camera of the 

 type represented by the " Sanderson," " Vaido," or 

 " Una " is perfectly suitable, but lighter types will be 

 found rather trying to use. Reflex cameras are in certain 

 cases adaptable, and sometimes, as for instance in the 

 photography of living micro-organisms, are very useful. 

 The apparatus illustrated in Fig. 4 includes a new camera, 

 designed and patented by Mr. Lumley Gator, and 

 marketed by Staley, called the "Convertible Britisher," 



