HENDERSON'S HANDBOOK OF PLANTS. 



37 



CAM 



or those which may be said to bloom naturally, 

 while the portion required to furnish flowers for 

 the late spring months should be placed out of 

 doors. This treatment must be continued until 

 the new growths are completed, and the incipi- 

 ent flower-buds can be discovered, when a cool, 

 shaded situation should be provided for each 

 section as they require it; observing to 

 supply them bountifully with water during the 

 whole period of growth, with an occasional 

 sprinkling over the foliage, and moderate shade. 

 Any situation secure from frost will preserve them 

 through the winter, and as the flowers expand, the 

 plants may be removed wherever their presence 

 may be deemed most ornamental. Several fine 

 varieties have been raised from seed during the 

 past few years in Boston, two or three of which 

 have been awarded the highest honors. Not a 

 few of the best Camellias in cultivation have been 

 raised in this country. The usual mode of prop- 

 agation is by cuttings, or by grafting or inarching, 

 either of which should be done as soon as the new 

 wood is firm enough to handle. The subjects 

 operated on should be placed in a close, humid 

 atmosphere, such as is afforded by a common 

 hand-glass placed over a tan bark bed. The 

 union takes place in a few weeks, and with 

 encouragement the scions will form fine plants 

 in one season. 



Campanula. Bell Flower. The diminutive of 

 cfniiparui, a bell ; literally, a little bell. Linn. 

 Pentandria-Monogyma. Nat. Ord. CampanulacefK. 

 This extensive and well-known genus consists 

 of more than two hundred species, including 

 annuals, biennials, and perennials. Some of the 

 hardy perennials are dwarf plants, producing a 

 profusion of flowers, which renders them partic- 

 ularly adapted for rock-work or growing in pots. 

 C. pyramidalis is a tall-growing variety, at one 

 time a very popular plant, and some of the old 

 gardeners still cling to it with a peculiar fond- 

 ness. When grown in pots it will require fre- 

 quent repotting, which will bring it to an enor- 

 mous size. When well grown it is a splendid 

 plant. C. medium (Canterbury Bell) is a very or- 

 namental garden flower of the easiest culture, 

 with double and single varieties, bearing blue, 

 red, purple, and white flowers. Like other bien- 

 nials, it may either be sown where it is to remain, 

 any time after midsummer, or may be sown in 

 beds in spring for transplanting. C. rotundifolia 

 (Harebell) is the most beautiful of our native 

 species. Some of the species are grown in Franco 

 and Italy as esculent roots. All succeed well in 

 any good soil, and are propagated freely by seeds 

 or division. 



Campsidium. Derivation unknown. Linn. Didy- 

 namia-Anqiosperm'M, Nat. Ord. Jiicjnoniac&t'. 



C. filitifolium is a beautiful climber from Chili. 

 The foliage is of a dark, shining green color, and 

 resembles the fronds of some Ferns. Tho 

 flowers are small, of a rich orange color. It is a 

 rapid grower, well adapted for covering rafters 

 or back walls in the green-house. In the woods, 

 in its wild state, it grows forty to fifty feet high, 

 covering the tops of the trees in a most graceful 

 manner. 



Campylobotrys. From kampylos, a curve, and 

 botrys, a bunch ; alluding to the form of the in- 

 florescence. Linn. Tdrandria-Monogynia. Nat. 

 Ord. Cinchonacece. 



A gemis of very beautiful green-house shrubs, 

 natives of Brazil. They are more remarkable 

 for their glossy foliage than for the beaiity of 

 the flowers. C. regalia has elliptic leaves, with 



CAN 



a satiny luster and a rich bronzy-green color. 

 This, with one or two other species, has been 

 introduced into the green-house for the rare 

 beauty of the foliage. They require a very 

 warm house for perfection of growth. Propa- 

 gated by cuttings. Introduced in 1859. 

 Canada Thistle. See Cirsium. 

 Canary Bird Flower. See Tropceolum. 

 Canary Grass. See Phcdaris. 

 Cancer Root. A common name applied to the 

 genus Epiphegus, and also to Conopholus, on ac- 

 count of their supposed medicinal virtues. 

 Candytuft. See Iberis. 



Canna. Indian Shot. The Celtic name for a cane 

 or reed. Linn. Diandria-Monogynict. Nat. Ord. 

 Mamntacece. 



This is an extensive and very interesting 

 genus of tender herbaceous perennials. Most 

 of the species have showy crimson, orange, and 

 yellow flowers. They are usually grown for the 

 remarkable beauty of their foliage, which is 

 highly ornamental ; hence they are favorite 

 plants in cultivation, and produce a striking ef- 

 fect either singly or grouped in beds upon the 

 lawn, in the summer months. If planted in a 

 rich, deep soil, and freely watered, some of them 

 will grow ten feet during the season, and from 

 a single tuber make a clump three or four feet 

 in diameter. Beauty is not their only claim to 

 consideration, some of the species, as C. edtdis, 

 being grown extensively in Peru and the Sand- 

 wich Islands as a vegetable. Arrow-root is also 

 made from this species. Propagated by seeds, 

 or more commonly by division of tubers, which 

 should be kept during the winter like Dahlias. 

 Cannabis. Hemp. So called from ganeh, its 

 Arabic name, and from the Celtic appellation 

 can, reed, and ab, small. Linn. Dicecia-Pentan- 

 drut. Nat. Ord. Cannabinacetti. 



Of the two species that compose this genus, 

 the truly important one is C. saliva, a native of 

 India, which furnishes the Hemp of commerce. 

 The Hemp plant is an annual, growing from 

 four to eight feet high ; in very hot climates it 

 frequently grows twenty feet high. The flowers 

 are of separate sexes on different plants, the 

 males being produced in racemes, and generally 

 crowded together towards the top of the plant 

 or end of the branches ; the females are in short 

 spikes, their calyx consisting merely of a single 

 sepal, rolled around the ovary, but open on one 

 side, and they have two hairy stigmas. The fruit 

 (commonly known as "Hemp Seed") is a small, 

 grayish-colored, smooth, shining nut, contain- 

 ing a single oily seed. For the production of 

 good fiber the seed is sown close, so as to pro- 

 duce straight stems withoiit branches. The 

 harvesting takes place at two periods ; the male 

 being pulled as soon as it has done flowering, 

 and the female not until the seeds are ripe. Af- 

 ter gathering it undergoes treatment similar to 

 that given flax to separate the fiber. In Persia 

 and other very hot countries the plant furnishes 

 a soft resin, which is collected by the coolies, 

 and is smoked like tobacco, or pounded into 



Kulp, so as to make a drink, both being stimu- 

 mt and intoxicating. The Asiatics are passion- 

 ately addicted to the use of this means of intox- 

 ication, as the names given to the Hemp show : 

 "leaf of delusion," "increaser of pleasure," 

 etc. 



Canterbury Bells. See Campanula medium. 



Cantua. From cantti, the name of one of the spe- 

 cies in Peru. Linn. Pentondria-Monoyynia. Nat. 

 Ord. Polemoniacea;. 



