HENDEKSON'S HANDBOOK OF PLANTS. 



47 



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house or frame. It is on the condition of the 

 plants through this part of the year that the 

 flowering of the succeeding spring mainly de- 

 pends, for if not perfectly healthy now, it is al- 

 most hopeless to expect them to be vigorous 

 then. About the beginning of February they 

 should be repotted, using a stronger soil than 

 that recommended for the first potting. Through- 

 out the entire existence of the plants they should 

 be guarded from drought and the attacks of the 

 green fly, to which they are very subject. Fu- 

 migation and washing with tobacco-water are 

 the most effective means of clearing them from 

 the latter. After flowering, the old stems should 

 be cut away, and the plants shifted back into 

 small pots, preserving them through the winter 

 in the manner advised for seedlings. 

 Cinnamomum. Cinnamon. From the Arabic 

 name, kinamon. Linn. Enneandria-Monoyynia. 

 Nat. Ord. Lauraceai. 



A genus of evergreen trees, well known as fur- 

 nishing the Cinnamon of commerce. C. Zeylani- 

 'um is largely cultivated in Ceylon for its bark, 

 which furnishes the best Cinnamon. The bark 

 is stripped off the branches, when it rolls up 

 into quills, the smaller of which are introduced 

 within the larger, and then dried in the sun. 

 The thinner the bark is, as a rule, the finer the 

 quality. C. Cassia furnishes Cassia bark, which 

 is much like Cinnamon, but thicker, coarser, 

 stronger, less delicate in flavor, and cheaper. It is 

 commonly used in the adulteration of Cinnamon. 

 Both species furnish what are known as Cassia 

 buds, which are something like cloves, and, 

 like them, consist of the unexpended flower 

 buds. They possess properties similar to those 

 of the bark. There are several other species of 

 this genus that furnish aromatic barks, which 

 are used in flavoring and in medicine. 

 Cinnamon Fern. The popular name of one of 



our native Ferns, Osmunda Cinnamomea. 

 Cinnamon Tree. See Cinnamomuin. 

 Cinque-Foil, or Five-Finger. One of the pop- 

 ular names of PotentilJa, which see. 

 Circaea. Enchanter's Nightshade. A classical 

 name, after Circe, a celebrated enchantress, 

 skilled in poisonous herbs. Linn. Diandria- 

 Monoqynia. Nat. Ord. OnagracecK. 



A small genus of hardy herbaceous perennials, 

 of but little interest; natives of Europe, and 

 naturalized in many parts of this country. 

 Cirrhopetalum. From cirrhus, a tendril, and 

 petalon, a flower leaf; in reference to the strap- 

 shaped petals. Linn. Gynandria-Monogynia. Nat. 

 Ord. OrchidacefK. 



An extensive genus of small, very curious epi- 

 phytal Orchids, natives of tropical Asia and the 

 South Sea Islands. Their flowers are remarka- 

 ble for having the lateral sepals prolonged into 

 narrow streamers. From this peculiar feature, 

 and the fact that they occupy but little room, a 

 few of the species have been introduced into the 

 more general collections of Orchids. Propagated 

 by division. 



Cirsium. Common or Plumed Thistle. From 

 kirsos, a swollen vein; in reference to being 

 pricked by the spines. Linn. SyngenesiOrjEqualis. 

 Nat. Ord. Asteracea}. 



The Thistle family are too well known to need 

 special mention. Two of the more troublesome 

 species, C. lanceolatum, Common Thistle, and (7. 

 arvense, the Canada Thistle, are both natives of 

 Europe, though perfectly naturalized in this 

 country. There are many native species, the 

 most conspicuous being C. muticum, Swamp 



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Thistle, a perennial common in moist woods 

 and swamps, often growing as high as eight feet, 

 isjfus. From kissos, ivy; in reference to their 

 scrambling habit. Linn. Tetrandria-Monogynia. 

 Nat. Ord. V',1 >'. 



A genua of climbing plants, allied to r/v ;.,-. 

 With a few exceptions, they are plants of but 

 little interest to the florist. One of the species, 

 however, C. discolor, is a plant remarkable for 

 the beauty of its foliage, and its adaptation to 

 the hot-house. This species is a native of Java, 

 and was introduced into England in 1854 by 

 Messrs. Rollison and Sons, of Tooting, and is 

 described by Mr. Lowe as follows: " The leaves, 

 which are six inches long and two and a half 

 broad, are colored on the upper surface in the 

 richest manner conceivable, the plant rivaling, 

 in its beautiful foliage, the finest of the Ana>c- 

 tochilus family; the color being a rich green, 

 clouded with white, peach, and dark purplish 

 crimson, and covered with a metallic luster. 

 The under side of the leaf is a rich brownish 

 crimson. No description or painting can do 

 justice to the beauty of these superb leaves when 

 in perfection." This plant is a rapid grower, 

 requiring a very rich soil and humid atmos- 

 phere, together with a high temperature, to 

 bring it to perfection. It should be grown in a 

 shaded house, and care should be taken not to 

 syringe the plant, as water on the leaves destroys 

 the metallic luster. It is readily increased by 

 cuttings. The leaves are much valued by flor- 

 ists for their various work in baskets, designs, 

 etc. 



Cistus. Book Rose. From kiste, a box ; in ref- 

 erence to the form of the seed vessel. Linn. 

 Icosawlria-Monogynia. Nat. Ord. CistacecK. 



A genus of handsome shrubs, few of which are 

 in cultivation. They are natives of Southern and 

 Western Europe, North Africa, and the Canary 

 Islands. Some of the species are elegant shrubs, 

 having terminal flower stalks bearing one or 

 more flowers, resembling in appearance those of 

 the Dog Rose. They seldom last more than a 

 few hours after expanding, and do not open ex- 

 cept in sunny weather. The flowers are either 

 white or rose-colored, with yellow or purplish 

 marks at their base. Some of the species furnish 

 a gum that is used in Turkey as a perfume and 

 for fumigation. It was also supposed to be a 

 specific for the plague. Propagated by seeds, 

 layers, or cuttings. 



Citharexylum. Fiddle-wood. From kithara, a 

 lyre, and xyUm, wood ; in reference to the sup- 

 posed fitness of the wood for musical instru- 

 ments. Linn. Didynamia-Angiospermia. Nat. 

 Ord. Verbenacece. 



A genus of tall-growing trees common from 

 Florida to Brazil. It furnishes a hard, durable 

 wood, suited for various purposes in the me- 

 chanic arts. Its supposed use in the manufac- 

 ture of musical instruments is a mistake. Ono 

 of the species is called by the French Mdtle, for 

 its durability in building. The English have 

 corrupted the name to Fiddle-wood, by which 

 name it is popularly known. 



Citrus. Orange Tree. Derivation of name un- 

 known. Supposed to refer to Citron, a town in 

 Judea. Linn. Polyaddphia-Di*jyni<t. Nat. Ord. 

 Auruntiac&e. 



The genus Citrus includes the Orange, Lemon, 

 Lime, Citron, Shaddock, etc., all well deserving 

 cultivation, both for their flowers and their fruit, 

 but of which only a few kinds of Oranges and 

 Lemons are generally grown. When grown for or- 



