HENDERSON'S HANDBOOK OF PLANTS. 



317 



OLA 



in grasses; so called because it causes 

 the young grain to grow into the form of 

 a nail or club. 



Claw. The long narrow base of some pet- 

 als, analogous to the footstalk of leaves, 

 as in Dianthus. 



destines. Large cells of parenchyma, in 

 which raphides (which see) are often de- 

 posited. 



Cleft. Divided, but not to the base ; split. 



Cliff or tiacecK. A name sometimes given to 

 Rosacece proper, including Sanguisorbece, 

 as distinguished from Amt/rjdalacece and 

 Pomacece. 



Climber. A plant that grows upright upon 

 trees, walls, etc., and supports itself by 

 tendrils or by air-roots; an example of 

 the former being the Grape Vine, ( I '///., ) 

 and of the latter the Virginia Creeper, 

 (Ampelopsis. ) 



Clinandriutn. The bed of the anther of 

 Orchids; an excavation of the top of a 

 column, in or on which the anther lies. 



Clinanthium. A flat or broad space on 

 which flowers are packed closely; the 

 receptacle of Composites; a shortened, 

 widened axis. 



Clinium. In Greek compounds this word 

 means receptacle. It also denotes an ac- 

 cessory part of certain Fungi, consisting 

 of very small, long, simple or branched 

 cells, bearing a spore at their end. 



Clouded. When colors are unequally blend- 

 ed together. 



Cloves. The small bulbs formed within the 

 mother-bulb of certain plants; such as 

 garlic. 



Cloveijvorts. A name sometimes used for 

 Caryophyllacece, to which the clove Gilli- 

 flower belongs. 



Club Root. A disease of the most destruc- 

 tive character, which frequently attacks 

 Cabbage, Cauliflower, and other plants 



CLU 



of the Brassica tribe. There is a great 

 deal of misconception as to what is the 

 cause of Club Boot, it being attributed 

 variously to wet land, dry land, hog 

 manure, and several other causes that 

 have got nothing to do with it whatever. 

 All observing horticulturists who have 

 had experience in the cultivation of Cab- 

 bage or Cauliflower, in any vicinity where 

 there is an oyster-shell deposit, know 

 that the Club Root is never seen in any 

 soil wherein there is an admixture of 

 oyster shells. Thousands of acres on the 

 shores of the Atlantic coast, on Long 

 Island and in New Jersey, have just such 

 soils, and there Cabbage crops have been 

 grown for upward of fifty years succes- 

 sively without a sign of this disease; 

 while in other soils, only a few hundred 

 yards distant, but having no mixture of 

 oyster shell in the soil, it is found that 

 Cabbages cannot be grown successively 

 on the same soil without being attacked 

 by Club Root, The inference is, there- 

 fore, plain, that the insect causing the 

 disease called Club Root cannot exist in 

 contact with, the lime of the oyster shell ; 

 for that the disease is caused by an in- 

 sect is well proven, as it is found that 

 the excrescence known as Club Root, 

 when examined, is found to contain a 

 small, whitish, grub-like larva. It is evi- 

 dent that the growing crop of Cabbage 

 invites in some way the perfect insect; 

 for it is found, that if Cabbage is planted 

 for the first time on new soil, it is rarely 

 attacked by Club Root, while if planted 

 the next year on the same soil, if lime is 

 not present, it is almost certain to be at- 

 tacked; and for this reason it is fair to 

 presume that the perfect insect, allured 

 by the Cabbage crop, deposits its eggs in 

 the soil, which remain undeveloped un- 



