HENDERSON'S HANDBOOK OF PLANTS. 



319 



COG 



like a helmet or bowl, covers all the others, 

 as in Aconitum. 



Cochleate. Twisted in a short spire, resem- 

 bling the convolutions of a snail-shell, as 

 the pod of Medicago cochleata, or the seed 

 of Salicorma. 



Cochlidiospermale. Seeds that are convex 

 on one side and concave on the other, 

 owing to unequal growth or anomalous 

 structure, as in Veronica. 



Godiophyllus. "Where the leaf is covered 

 with a woolly pubescence. 



Cceruleus. The same as Cseruleus, which see. 



Ccesius. See Ccesius. 



Cohering. Connecting. 



Cohesion. The union or superficial incor- 

 poration of one organ with another. 



Cold Frame. This is the term used for 

 the low glass structure in use for pro- 

 tecting such plants as are not sufficiently 

 hardy to withstand the winter in the 

 Northern States. They are used to pro- 

 tect Cabbage, Cauliflower, Lettuce, Pars- 

 ley, etc., among vegetables, and Violets, 

 Pansies, Daisies, Primroses, Carnations, 

 Auriculas, etc., among flowers. The boxes 

 or frames used are simply two boards, 

 running parallel with each other, and 

 nailed to posts to secure them in line, the 

 one at the back or north side being ten 

 to twelve inches in height, and that 

 for the front, or south side, being seven 

 or eight inches, which gives pitch enough 

 to carry off the rain and to catch the sun's 

 rays. The width between these lines of 

 boards should be enough to take the 

 length of a six-foot sash, which is the 

 most convenient size. All the plants of 

 the character above named can be pro- 

 tected in the district of New York, where 

 the thermometer rarely falls lower than 

 8 below zero, with the glass alone; but in 

 colder sections the protection of light 



COL 



shutters in addition, over the glass, will be 

 necessary. In the Southern States, in dis- 

 tricts where the thermometer never falls 

 lower than 15 above zero, many of the har- 

 dier green-house plants, such as Fuchsias, 

 Geraniums, Azaleas, Camellias, Verbenas, 

 Abutilons, etc., may be kept equally well 

 in cold frames, as our so-called hardy 

 plants are kept at the North. 



Cold Pits. Are identical with cold frames, 

 except that an excavation of from two to 

 four feet is made below the general level 

 of the ground, so as to admit of larger 

 plants being placed in them. The sunk- 

 en pit, however, is a better protection 

 than the cold frame on the surface ; for, 

 when sunk to the depth of two or three 

 feet, and covered with glass, it will resist 

 a much heavier frost than the frames on 

 the surface. Care must be taken that 

 both cold frames and cold pits are well 

 drained, either from the nature of the 

 soil or otherwise, as water standing in 

 them would be destructive to the plants, 

 whether planted in the soil or growing in 

 pots. 



Coleophylor Coleoptile. The first leaf which 

 follows the cotyledons in Endogens, and 

 ensheaths the succeeding leaves. 



Coleorhiza. The sheath formed at the base 

 of an endogenous embryo, where it is 

 pierced by the true radicle. 



Coleitula. The small bag which contains 

 the spore-case of Liverworts. 



Cottar. The ring upon the stipe of an 

 Agaric. See Collum. Also applied to 

 the neck or line of junction between the 

 root and stem of a tree, etc. 



Cottare. The ligule or transverse mem- 

 brane that stands in grasses at the junc- 

 tion of the blade and the sheath of the 

 leaf. 



Collateral. Standing side by side. 



