HENDERSON'S HANDBOOK OF PLANTS. 



CYC 



used as Sago; and a similar kind of false 

 Sago is supplied by C. circinalis in the 

 Moluccas. Caffre bread is made from 

 the starch of a Cape species of Encepha- 

 lartos. In the West Indies a kind of Ar- 

 row-root is obtained from some species of 

 Zamia. There are seven known genera and 

 about fifty species. Cycas, Zamia, En- 

 cephalartos, and Dion are examples of the 

 order. 



Cycads. The English term for Cycaaacece. 



Cyclanthaceoe. A name sometimes given to 

 the family of Pandanacece, of, which the 

 Cyclantheae are a tribe. 



Cycle. A term employed in the theory of 

 spiral leaf arrangement to express a com- 

 plete turn of the spire, which is assumed 

 to exist. 



Cyclical. Rolled up circularly, as manv em- 

 bryos. 



Cylindraceous. Having the*ormof a cylin- 

 der. 



Cylindrenchyma. Cylindrical cellular tis- 

 sue, such as that of Confervce, of many 

 hairs, etc. 



Cylindrical. Cylinder-shaped ; approacn- 

 ing closely to the form of a cylinder, as 

 the stems of grasses, etc., which, however, 

 all taper more or less, although by insensi- 

 ble degrees. 



Cylindricatty-globose. A form between a 

 cylinder and a sphere. 



Cylindrico-campanulate. Cylindrically bell- 

 shaped. 



Cymbdlce. Reproductive locomotive bod- 

 ies, of an elliptical form, found in some 

 Alga. 



Cymbiform. Having the figure of a boat in 

 miniature; that is to say, concave, taper- 

 ing to each end, with a keel externally, as 

 the glumes of Phalaris Canariensis. 

 Cyme. A kind of inflorescence, produced 

 by the rays of an umbel forming one 



CYP 



terminal flower, and then producing sec- 

 ondary pedicels from below it, in the 

 centrifugal manner, as in the Laurustinus 

 and the Elder (Sambucus. ) 



Cymose. Flowering in cymes. 



Cyperacece, ( Cyperoidece, Sedges.) A natural 

 order of glume-bearing Monocotyledons 

 belonging to Lindley's Glumal Alliance. 

 They are grass-like, tufted plants, having 

 solid, usually jointed, and frequently an- 

 gular stems; leaves with their sheaths 

 entire, (not split, as in Grasses;) and 

 flowers either perfect or incomplete, 

 (staminate and pistillate,) each borne on 

 a solitary bract or scale, and all united 

 in an imbricated manner, so as to form a 

 spike. Stamens hypogynous, varying 

 from one to twelve, usually three; anthers 

 attached at their base to the filament. 

 Ovary superior; ovule one, style two to 

 three cleft. Fruit a crustaceous or bony 

 achene; embryo lens-shaped, and lying 

 at the base of fleshy or mealy albumen. 

 The plants are very generally distributed 

 over the world, and abound in moist 

 places. Some of the Sedges are demul- 

 cent, others are bitter and astringent. 

 Some, by means of their creeping under- 

 ground stems, bind together the loose 

 sands of the seashore. Their cellular 

 tissue is sometimes used for paper, and 

 the underground stems of several species 

 of Cyperus are used for food. The un- 

 derground stems of Carex arenaria are 

 used for Sarsaparilla. The species of 

 Eriophorum, or Cotton Grass, have long, 

 white, silky hairs surrounding the fruit. 

 Papyrus antiquorum (also called Cyperus) 

 appears to be one of the plants called 

 Bulrush in the Bible. It formerly grew 

 abundantly at the mouth of the Nile, 

 which was hence called papyriferous by 

 Ovid, but it is now gone. The cellular 



