HENDERSON'S HANDBOOK OF PLANTS. 



DIV 



Divided. Where incisions or indentations 

 extend nearly to the base. 



Dodecagynia. An order in the artificial 

 system of Linnaeus, characterized by 

 flowers which have twelve pistils. 



Dodecandria. The eleventh class in the 

 artificial system of Linnaeus, including 

 flowers with twelve stamens, or rather 

 those which have between twelve and 

 twenty, provided they are not attached 

 to the calyx. 



Dodecandrous. Having twelve stamens. 



Dolabriform. Ax-shaped. 



Dorsal. Attached to, or growing on, the 

 back of any organ. 



Dorsiferous. Bearing something on the 

 back. 



Dor sum. The back of anything. 



Dotted. Furnished with transparent recep- 

 tacles of oil, looking like dots; marked 

 with punctures. 



Double. When applied to the entire flower, 

 it signifies that monstrous condition in 

 which the parts of the inner floral whorls, 

 the stamens or carpels, become converted j 

 into petals. Applied to the calyx or 

 corolla separately, it refers to certain 

 examples in which these organs appear 

 to consist of more than the usual normal 

 number of subordinate parts, and thus 

 seem as if they were double. Double 

 flowers are most common in the natural 

 order Composites. 



Double-bearing. Producing twice in the 

 same season. 



Doubly. Having a form or structure re- 

 peated ; doubly - toothed means teeth 

 themselves toothed, and so on. 



Downy. Covered with very short, weak, 

 close hairs. 



Downy^pubescent. Having soft, short down, 

 closely pressed to the surface. 



Draconis. Spotted like a serpent. 



DRA 



Draining. This is one of the most import- 

 ant operations in horticulture. No mat- 

 ter how fertile the normal condition of 

 the soil; no matter how abundantly it is 

 fertilized; no matter how carefully and 

 thoroughly it is tilled, if water remains in 

 it at the depth at which roots penetrate, 

 all labor will be in vain ; for no satisfac- 

 tory result can ever be attained until 

 the water is drained off. The subject is 

 one of such importance that we cannot 

 give it full attention here, and to such as 

 require to operate on a large scale, works 

 specially devoted to the subject should be 

 consulted, or a draining engineer em- 

 ployed. Soils having a gravelly or sandy 

 sub-soil ten or twenty inches below the 

 top soil do not usually need draining; 

 but in all soils underlaid by clay or hard 

 pan, draining is indispensable, unless in 

 cases where there is a slope of two to 

 three feet in a hundred; and even in such 

 cases draining is beneficial if the sub-soil 

 is clay. 



In soils having a clay or hard-pan sub- 

 soil, drains should be made three feet 

 deep and not more than twenty feet 

 apart. If stones are plenty, they may 

 be profitably used to fill up the drains, 

 say to a depth of twelve or fifteen inches, 

 either placed so as to form a " rubble " 

 drain, if the stones are round, or built 

 with an orifice at the bottom, if the 

 stones are flat. In either case, care must 

 be used to cover the stones carefully 

 up with inverted sods, or some material 

 that will prevent the soil being washed 

 through the stones and choking up the 

 drain. 



Drain tiles, when they can be obtained 

 at a reasonable price, are the best mate- 

 rial for draining. The horseshoe pat- 

 tern is generally used. If the drain 



