394 



HENDEBSON'S HANDBOOK OF PLANTS. 



BAK 



Bake. This is the implement usually used 

 for leveling the soil after digging, or in 

 cleaning up walks, etc., but for many 

 years we have found the steel rake, 

 of a size suitable to the work to be done, 

 to be the most effective tool used in our 

 grounds for the prevention of weeds. 



Nearly all our first " hoeing " is done by 

 these rakes; that is, the ground, in from 

 three to four days after planting or sowing, 

 is raked over, thus destroying the weeds 

 just as they begin to germinate and before 

 they appear on the surface. In from five 

 to ten days, according to the state of the 

 weather, the ground is again gone over 

 with the rakes. We are no believers in 

 deep hoeing in newly-planted ground; it 

 is only when plants begin to grow, and 

 when the soil gets hard, that deep hoeing 

 is beneficial. By the use of the steel 

 rake in this manner, three times as much 

 work can be done as by the hoe. It can- 

 not be used, of course, if the weeds are up, 

 but if it is thus used before the weeds 

 appear on the surface, one man will do 

 more than six will if delay has been 

 made until the weeds have to be cut 

 down by the hoe. 



Ramose. Branching. 



Ramuli. Twigs or small branches. 



Ray. Parts diverging in a circle from a 

 central point. The outer flowers when 

 differently formed from the inner in um- 

 bels. 



Receptacle. That part of the fructification 

 which supports the other parts. 



Reniform. Kidney-shaped in outline. 



Repens. Creeping. 



Reticulate, Setiform. Besembling net-work. 



Retrorse. Backwards. 



Retuse. Terminating in a round end. 



Rewlute. Rolled back; as certain tendrils 

 and the sides and ends of some leaves. 



BOG 



Rhizome, Rhizoma. A prostrate, more or 

 less subterranean stem, producing roots 

 and leafy shoots. 



Rhomboid, Rhombeus, Rhomboidal. Besem- 

 bling a rhombus; oval, a little angular in 

 the middle, as the leaf of Hibiscus rhom- 

 bifolius. 



Bib. The principal vein or nervure which 

 proceeds from the petiole into a leaf; also 

 any firm longitudinal elevation. 



Ringent. Gaping. 



Riparious. Growing on the banks of rivers 

 or lakes. 



Rock-work. Often, on cleaning up after the 

 formation of new grounds, masses of rock 

 and stumps are present, which are often 

 difficult materials to get rid of; such may 

 be arranged in natural-looking mounds 

 or screens for wind-brakes, which, when 

 the interstices are filled in with soil and 

 planted with bright leaved or bright 

 flowering plants, can be made most at- 

 tractive; or in locations where rocks exist 

 in their natural condition, they can be 

 made highly interesting and ornamental 

 by setting out plants of a drooping or 

 creeping habit to overhang among them. 

 The rocky caves in the grounds of the Na- 

 tional Soldiers' Home at Dayton, Ohio, 

 have been so utilized both inside and out, 

 and are one of the most attractive objects 

 of that grandly kept place. Purely ar- 

 tificial "rock- work" may be made by 

 clinkers from iron or other furnaces be- 

 ing dipped in hot lime, which gives a 

 coloring of pure white to their grotesque 

 shapes. These are used in building the 

 " rock-work " to the shape and dimen- 

 sions wanted, care being taken that, in 

 forming the upper courses, cavities eight 

 or twelve inches deep and wide be left 

 to be filled with soil in which to grow 

 the plants. For this style of rock-work 



