400 



HENDERSON'S HANDBOOK OF PLANTS. 



SPO 



Sponge. Having the texture of a sponge. 



Sporadic. When a given species occurs in 

 more than one of the separate districts 

 assigned to particular Floras. 



Spare, Sporule.The reproductive body in 

 cryptogamous plants, analogous to the 

 seed of phaenogamous plants 



Spur. A tubular extension of the lower 

 part of a petal or monopetalous corolla; 

 a loose prolongation of the base of a leaf 

 beyond its point of attachment. The 

 same as Calcar, which see. 



Squarrose. Eough with projecting scales. 



StaUc. The stem or support to an organ, as 

 the petiole of a leaf, the peduncle or 

 pedicel of a flower, etc. 



Stamen. That organ of the flower which 

 contains the pollen. 



Staminode, Staminodium. A rudimentary 

 stamen, or what appears to be so. 



Standard. The fifth petal of a papilionace- 

 ous flower. 



Stellate. Radiating from the center like a 

 star. 



Stem. The ascending axis of a plant, from 

 which leaves, flowers, and fruit are de- 

 veloped. 



Stigma, (pi. Stigmata.} That surface of a 

 style, usually at its extremity, to which 

 the pollen adheres when it fertilizes the 

 ovules. 



Stimuli. Stinging hairs, as in Nettles. 



Stipe. The stalk of Terns up to the first 

 pinnae. 



Stipules. Processes or appendages of vari- 

 ous kinds, usually leaf-like, arising from 

 the base of a leaf, usually from its sides; 

 leaf-like appendages at the base of the 

 petiole. 



Stock. Synonym for a race. A plant to 

 which a graft or bud has been applied. 



Stole, Stolon. A sucker; a lax trailing branch 

 given off at the summit of the root, and 



sue 



taking root at intervals, whence fresh 

 buds are developed. 



Stoloniferous. Producing many stoles. 



Stool. A plant from which " layers " are 

 propagated, by bending its branches into 

 the soil, so that they may take root. 



Strictus. Perfectly straight or upright. 



Structure. The peculiar manner in which 

 the several organs, elementary or com- 

 pound, are disposed in plants. 



Style. The part which bears the stigma; the 

 narrowed upper end of a carpellary leaf. 



Sub. In composition means somewhat or 

 approaching; as sub-rotund, somewhat 

 round; sub-globose, approaching globular. 



Subsoiling. This is indispensable to the 

 best culture, either in the garden or on 

 the farm. On soils having a clayey or 

 hard-pan subsoil, the subsoil plow should 

 be used at least every two years. It ac- 

 complishes the work of loosening and 

 pulverizing, and thus admitting air to a 

 depth of eighteen or twenty inches, or 

 twice the usual depth turned up by the 

 surface plow. In our own practice in 

 our stiff clay soil, we use it nearly every 

 alternate year. The subsoiler now used 

 stirs, loosens, and pulverizes the soil only, 

 but does not invert it, following immedi- 

 ately behind in the furrow made by the 

 surface plow of course, or the necessary 

 depth could not be attained. The im- 

 plement is made for one and two horses. 

 On light sandy subsoils the one horse 

 size is sufficient, but for clay or hard-pan 

 two powerful horses are necessary to get 

 to the proper depth. See Plowing. When 

 subsoiling is done by the spade it is 

 called trenching, which see. 



Subulate, Subuliform. Awl-shaped; linear, 

 tapering from a broadish base to a fine 

 point; a long, narrow triangle. 



Succulent. Very cellular and juicy. 



