HENDERSON'S HANDBOOK OF PLANTS. 



408 



YEN 



Almost the same character of plants is I 

 used for planting vases as for window 

 boxes, (which see.) A very beautiful 

 practice is now in use to plant them in 

 early spring with Pansies, which remain 

 in bloom until June, the time at which 

 the summer plants are ready to be 

 planted to take their place. Vases are 

 usually exposed to the full force of the 

 sun on the open lawn, and, consequently, 

 require a great deal of watering to keep 

 them in good condition. By the use of 

 Moss on the surface (see Moss Mulching) 

 a great deal of labor will be saved. 



Venation. The arrangement of veins in a 

 leaf, etc. 



Ventilating. Or " Airing," as gardeners call 

 it, is an important operation in growing 

 plants under glass, and ignorance or 

 carelessness in the work often results in 

 dire disaster to the contents of the hot- 

 bed, green-house, or grapery. It often 

 happens, when inexperienced country 

 carpenters undertake the erecting of 

 green-house structures, that they are 

 built with entirely inadequate means of 

 ventilation, so that, no matter how care- 

 ful the person in charge may be, he has 

 not the means allowed to provide suffi- 

 cient ventilation. In a span-roofed green- 

 house or grapery, having a base width of 

 twenty feet, the glass roofs sloping to the 

 east and west will be each about thir- 

 teen feet, making twenty-six feet in the 

 span. To properly ventilate a structure 

 of this kind, movable sashes, two feet in 

 width, extending the entire length of the 

 roof, should be hinged to the apex on the 

 east side. The sashes, when lifted up by 

 the patent ventilating apparatus, are 

 raised from one inch to two feet, as de- 

 sired, the entire length; thus, when fully 



VOL 



up, about one-thirteenth part of the en- 

 tire glass roof is thrown open for venti- 

 lation ; and in hot days this is often found 

 to be none too much. In a series of 

 green-houses, requiring different temper- 

 atures, it is a good plan to mark the 

 maximum and minimum allowed for 

 ventilation, close to each thermometer, 

 so that the workman in charge of venti- 

 lating can be held to accountability; for 

 example, if 70 is the degree required, let 

 the maximum of temperature be 75 and 

 the minimum 65, allowing a range of 

 ten degrees. The patent ventilating ap- 

 paratus usually costs about seventy-five 

 cents or one dollar per running foot; but 

 it is indispensable to a well-regulated 

 green-house or grapery, from its power 

 to grade the amount of ventilation to 

 suit all weathers. In the use of portable 

 sashes for hot-beds or frames, the best 

 way to ventilate is to raise the sash at 

 the back by pieces of wood so notched 

 that from one inch to five or six inches 

 can be given, as required. 



Ventricose. Swelling unequally on one side. 



Vernation. The arrangement of leaves in a 

 bud. 



Verucosus, Verucose. Warty. 



Versatile. Affixed by the middle; swinging 

 freely, as the oscillating anthers of grasses. 



Verticittate. Arranged in whorla 



Vesicle. A little cell or bladder, one of the 

 ultimate atoms of which the bulk of 

 vegetable tissue is built up. 



Villous. Shaggy, with loose, long, soft hair. 



Virens. Green. 



Virgatus. Twiggy. 



Viridis. Green. 



Viscous. Clammy. 



Vitreous. Iran sparent. 



VoluMis. Twisting. 



