THE BABOONS. 259 



ears black, naked, and pointed ; under-jaw heavy ; tail carried 

 erect, very short, two inches long, and naked beneath ; limbs 

 short and powerful ; the Dog-like nose shorter than the upper 

 lip ; nostrils large. Hair rising from the ridge on the lower 

 edge of the brow to a crest on the top of the head, descending 

 into a mane on the back of the head and neck ; hair of the 

 body bristly ; chin bearded ; whiskers proceeding from over the 

 cheek-bones and from under the outer corner of the eyes, long, 

 and directed from the face ; the very large callosities, parts of 

 the rump in their neighbourhood, and the inside of the thighs 

 naked. Hands and feet naked. 



Skull very massive, having numerous strong muscular crests; 

 the jaws and teeth very powerful, especially the canines, which 

 are huge ; the forehead flat and the brain-case small, and fur- 

 ther reduced by the great projection backward of the orbits. 

 The cheek-bones enormously swollen along the side of the 

 nose ; in the neck a large air-sac. The back-bone has to some 

 extent the peculiar double curve characteristic of the human 

 vertebral column ; but in the conformation of certain of their 

 vertebrae a similarity to the lower quadrupeds, especially to the 

 Carnivora, is seen in the Mandrill, in accordance with their 

 quadrupedal mode of progression. The metacarpal bones, ex- 

 cept that of the thumb, are all of the same length, while in the 

 Man-like Apes they are unequal. The thumb is much 

 restricted in its motions on account of the disposition of 

 certain of the muscles of the hand. The pectoral and pelvic 

 muscles are strongly developed. 



Face-ridges bright blue, with purple in the intervening fur- 

 rows. The bridge of the nose (after the development of the 

 permanent teeth) red, the tip scarlet ; lips greyish-black. 



