IO4 



cination has been often only three, two, one, or even less 

 per cent. But as Koch very properly observes, the 

 ability of an animal to withstand a mild inoculation is not 

 the question at issue, for that has been long known ; 

 the subsequent power to resist virulent material is the 

 mooted point. The effect of Pasteur's own virus seems 

 by no means uniform, since Duclaux, his assistant, who 

 probably had virus of the proper attenuation, lost 20 out 

 of 80 sheep in one flock during the two weeks after pro- 

 tective vaccination, and 1 1 out of 60 in another ; yet in 

 a third flock of the same race he lost only i out of 50. 

 In the session of the Paris Veterinary Society, June 8, 

 1882, it was announced by Weber that 23 out of 993 

 sheep (2.3 per cent.) had succumbed to the preventive 

 inoculation ; at a later session Mathieu reported 29 

 deaths among 896 vaccinations (3.2 per cent.). At Salz- 

 dahlum 2 of 82 sheep died of anthrax after the second 

 vaccination ; in Kapuwar 5 of 50, and in Packisch (as 

 already stated) 3 out of 25. Oemler lost 26 among 703 

 (3.7 per cent.). Dr. Klein recently called the attention 

 of the British Government to the fact that Pasteur's vac- 

 cine virus was on sale in England ; that he (Klein) had 

 found that even the first and weaker virus could kill 

 animals, having himself lost two sheep by such vaccina- 

 tion. Pasteur replies that Klein must have allowed 

 other bacteria to invade the anthrax liquid. 



From these accounts it would appear that Pasteur's 

 preventive inoculation is a somewhat perilous perform- 

 ance, since even when performed by his own assistants 

 it has killed 10, 12, even 25 per cent, of the vaccinated 

 animals. Yet Pasteur recently stated that of nearly eighty 

 thousand sheep vaccinated in France during the past 

 year or two, none had died of the preventive inocula- 

 tion. 



And now for the second question : Does Pasteur's 

 vaccination protect the sheep which survive it against 

 anthrax ? Against subcutaneous inoculation it certainly 

 does for some weeks, as demonstrated in Prussia and 

 Hungary ; how long this protection endures and more 



