TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



PAGE. 



REPOET ON INDIAN FEESH-WATEE FISHEEIES ... 1 



Origin of enquiry Previous workers on the subject of Indian fishes 

 Enquiries made in 1867 Where fresh-water fisheries exist. 



RlVERS AND THEIE EXPANSIONS ..... 4 



Rivers of the Indian Empire Hill rivers of India, some having Alpine 

 sources Those destitute of Alpine sources Rivers of the plains 

 How these rivers shallow during the hot season until only a suc- 

 cession of pools exist, and here large fish have to remain until the 

 rains return How some rivers have seasons of inundations, filling 

 large lakes in the contiguous country How lakes thus formed may 

 be isolated or connected ones. 



IRRIGATION WOBKS ... . . .7 



Irrigation weirs or bunds Undersluices, either narrow or wide, the weirs 

 impassable to ascending fish Narrow undersluices Wide under - 

 sluices Fishunable to ascend over weirs Irrigation canals Simple 

 irrigation weirs Irrigation and navigation canals. How fish are 

 carried into irrigating canals and perish there, due to a want of 

 water Small rivers diverted for irrigation in Malabar Mills 

 worked by water destructive to fish. 



TANKS USEFUL AS FISHEEIES ..... 14 



Tanks used as fisheries Jhils How a natural protection may be afford- 

 ed to fish. 



THE FISHES OF THE FRESH-WATEES . . . .15 



Fresh-water fish Migratory and non-migratory species, some polygamous, 

 others monogamous Breeding season Spiny rayed fishes, divisible 

 into purely fresh- water and partially marine forms Physostomatous 

 order Scaleless family,- those of hills and plains Their respira- 

 tion Family of ScombresocidsD and Cyprinodontidae The carps, 

 loaches Sand-grubbers true carps Carps of the plains, migratory 

 or not so Herring family, migratory or not so Eels Lophobran- 

 chiate fishes Plectognathi Cartilaginous fishes. 



RESPIRATION OF INDIAN FISHES . . . . .24 



Respiration of fishes Water and compound breathers. 



ESTIVATION OF FISH ...... 28 



MlGBATIONS OF FISH ...... 29 



BREEDING OF FISH ...... 31 



Breeding fish, migratory and non-migratory ones of the plains Migra- 

 tory and non-migratory ones of the hills Breeding of migratory 

 hill fishes Non-migratory fish of the plains, some monogamous, 

 others polygamous Migratory fresh-water fishes of the plains 

 Migratory sea fishes. 



THE FEY OF FEESH-WATEE FISH ..... 36 



Fry how destroyed instead of being protected, 



