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already been discussed (pp. 7-14), as has likewise the con- 

 version of simple irrigation weirs into traps for the taking of 

 fish, and irrigation canals into vast slaughter-houses, besides 

 unduly obstructing fish proceeding to their natural breeding- 

 places, and by the use of fixed engines and traps in small 

 water-courses, and at every drop from field, to field, forming 

 a series of places for annihilation of fry. Here, therefore, 

 the subject for consideration is damming waters for fishing 

 purposes solely. 



LXXY. Waters, as rivers or streams, may be dammed 



Damming and diverting rivers or for fishing plirpOSCS with (1) Or 



streams, & c ., for fishing. without (2) the assistance of weirs, 



or (3) hill streams may be dammed and diverted, or simply a 

 a dam may be (4) employed to bund up, water, in order to 

 facilitate the poisoning of fish. Tanks or standing pieces of 

 water may be likewise dammed for fishing (5) as a common 

 occurrence, or (6) else as the waters are drying up ; (7) Holes 

 may be dug at the sides of rivers with which a connecting 

 channel is cut, the fish enticed in communication cut off, and 

 the water baled out ; or (8) small bunds be erected parallel to 

 the rivers' course, fry driven or enticed in, and all destroyed. 

 Hill streams may be dammed and diverted for fishing pur- 

 poses a plan which obtains in the Himalayas and elsewhere. 

 The effects of damming up and diverting the minor streams 

 into kools or channels for turning mills, and which is used 

 as a fertile instrument of destroying small fish (pp. iv, xviii) 

 has been already referred to. In the Panjab, at Kangra 

 (p. xvi), the zemindars do a great deal of mischief in the 

 early part of the rains, by bringing the fish into side streams, 

 and then draining off the water and leaving them on dry 

 ground : young and old are caught in this way. In Bombay, 

 at Satara (p. lix), fish are taken by diverting the natural 

 course of a stream so as to make all the water pass through 

 a large basket trap, or by throwing a bank of sand across a 

 river or nalla and obtaining the fish in the usual way, viz., 

 by baling. In Haidarabad, it is observed (p. cxiii) that fish 

 are taken by traps, which is done by erecting rough stone 

 piles on both sides of a stream, then spreading a mat of the 

 nurgood plant over the piles ; the stream is then diverted 

 so as to pour over the mat, on which, as the water falls, the 

 fish are taken. Hill streams may be also diverted, and the 

 odes employed are as follows : In the Doon (p. cxlix) 

 from March to the beginning of the rains, streams are 

 ammed and turned. In this district the mountain torrents, 



