THE VARIATIONS DURING LIFE 



129 



the nervous system upon the catabolism. It is a fact, however, that 

 during the awakening violent shivering takes place, and most observers 

 have thought it natural to ascribe the increased exchange and the 

 production of heat to these muscular movements. The movements 

 begin usually in the masseter muscles and spread gradually and 

 comparatively slowly towards the hinder part of the body. The 

 temperature rises much more rapidly in the mouth than in the rectum. 

 I reproduce as an example a series of determinations by Henriques 

 on the hedgehog. 



TABLE XXXIV. HEDGEHOG. WEIGHT, 660 GR. TEMPERATURE OF ROOM, 13. TRA- 

 CHEOTOMY FINISHED, 11.30. TEMPERATURE IN RECTUM AND IN MOUTH 3-6 JUST 

 AFTER TYING DOWN. 11.35: TEMPERATURE IN MOUTH 6-7, IN RECTUM, 6-2. 



The experiment to see whether awakening could be brought about 

 in an animal poisoned with curari has, so far as I am aware, never 

 been made. 



With regard to the respiratory quotient during the process of 

 awakening the different observers disagree profoundly. Dubois and 

 Weinland and Riehl [1907] have found quotients (on the marmot) ap- 

 proaching unity and indicating an almost exclusive catabolism of 

 carbohydrate. Mares and also Henriques, on the other hand, have in- 

 variably observed quotients both on the marmot and on the hedgehog 

 about 07 and indicating therefore a combustion of fat. In point of 

 technique Henriques' experiments are certainly the best and most re- 

 liable, but, as pointed out above, it is extremely doubtful whether the 

 observed respiratory quotients correspond to the real metabolic quo- 

 tients when the temperature of the animal is changing rapidly. All 

 the quotients published should therefore be considered with pro- 

 found distrust, and it appears to be impossible to determine the nature 

 of the catabolic processes in question by means of respiration experi- 

 ments alone. Henriques [1911] has made an experiment which, 

 though not in itself conclusive because incomplete, indicates the way 



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