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The World's Commercial Products 



Juniper Oil is prepared by steam- 

 distilling the berries of the juniper 

 tree (Juniperus communis), and is 

 largely made in the United Kingdom, 

 Germany, and Hungary. It is used 

 to some extent in medicine, but 

 principally as a flavouring agent for 

 gin. 



Wormwood Oil is procured by the 

 distillation of the wormwood herb 

 (Artemisia absinthium) and is made 

 chiefly in the United States, France, 

 Spain, and Algeria. The oil is the 

 flavouring ingredient of "absinthe" 

 liqueur. 



A large number of other oils used 

 as flavouring agents are obtained by 

 the distillation of such well-known 

 species as cinnamon, cassia, pimento 

 (allspice), coriander, caraway, nut- 

 meg, mace, cardamoms, spearmint, 

 angelica, and cloves, and are applied 

 much in the same way as the spices 

 from which they are derived. 



Volatile Oils used as Drugs 



Camphor. This material is 



procured from the oil obtained by 



the distillation of the wood of the 



camphor tree, which grows in China and Japan, more especially in the island of Formosa. The 



tree has also been planted in Ceylon and Florida, and small quantities of camphor are 



now produced in both these localities. 



Eucalyptus Oils. The large trade in eucalyptus oils is of comparatively recent growth, 

 and is due almost entirely to the vogue these. products have acquired as deodorants, antiseptics, 

 and curative agents generally. They are obtained from various species of Eucalyptus, and are 

 produced principally from indigenous trees in Australia and from trees grown in plantations 

 in Algeria and the United States. 



Peppermint Oil. This oil is obtained by the distillation of various species of peppermint, 

 such as Mentha piperita and Mentha arvensis. 



COCO-NUTS 





VEGETABLE OILS AND FATS 



Under* this title are included " fats " and "fixed oils." The distinction between "fats" 

 and " fixed -oils " is merely one of degree, as " fats'" are reduced to an oily condition by heating. 

 The "fixed oils" are entirely distinct from the "volatile" or "essential" oils. The latter differ 

 in chemical, composition, and can be distilled without undergoing change, while the fixed oils 

 are decomposed before they pass off as vapour. 



It will be convenient, to consider the oils under, the following headings :— (1) Drying Oils, 

 (2) Semi-drying Oils, (3) Non-drying Oils, (4) Vegetable Fats or Tallows. 



In the class of drying oils linseed stands pre-eminent, and except in one or two applications 

 no oil can be utilised in its place as a drying oil. The other oils in this group are used locally 



