Index 



389 



Starches, General Description of, 

 65 ; Potato Starch, ibid. ; Pro- 

 cess of obtaining Starch from 

 Potato, ibid. ; Uses of Potato 

 Starch, 66 ; Gum made from 

 Potato Starch, 68 ; Cassava 

 Starch and Tapioca, 68 ; Plants 

 Natives of tropical America, ibid. . 

 Sweet and Bitter Cassava, ibid. ; 

 Preparation of Cassava, ibid. ; 

 70 ; Poisonous Juice extracted 

 from, known as " Cassareep," 

 70 ; Tapioca, 70 ; Imported 

 from Brazil and Straits Settle- 

 ments, ibid. ; Two Methods of 

 Preparing, ibid. ; Rice Starch, 

 72 ; Methods of Preparing, ibid. ; 

 Wheat Starch, 72 ; three me- 

 thods for obtaining, 72, 73 ; 

 Maize Starch, 74 ; Arrowroot, 

 74 ; its Chief Home Bermuda 

 and St. Vincent, ibid. ; the most 

 easily digested Starch, 75 ; 

 Sago, 75 ; Process of obtaining, 

 ibid. ; Miscellaneous Starches 

 — Soursop, Banana, Plantain, 

 Bread-fruit Tree, etc., 76 

 Illustrations : — Maize grown as 

 a Catch Crop in Barbados, 65 ; 

 Young cultivation, with Catch 

 Crop of Bananas, Cassava, and 

 Tania, Trinidad, 66 ; Potato 

 Field, 66 ; The Bread Fruit, 68 ; 

 A " False Sago " Palm, 69 ; 

 The Soursop, 70 ; Bread-Fruit 

 Tree, 71 ; Bananas, 72 ; Cocoa- 

 Nut Palms, 713 ; Borassus Palms, 

 74, 75 



Straw, 16 



Sugar, one of the most valuable 

 products of the Plant .World, 

 76 ; Very generally distributed, 

 78 ; Characteristics of Sugar- 

 producing Plants, ibid. , 80 ; : 

 Sugar-cane and Sugar-beet the 

 most important Plants, 80 ; Sta- 

 ' tistics of Production, ibid. ; 82 ; 

 The Sugar Cane, 82 ; its grass- 

 like Growth, 84 ; its Antiquity, 

 ibid. ; Flourishes in the Tropics, 

 ibid. ; Cultivation, 86, 87, 88 ; 

 Manufacture of, 89, 90 ; Manu- 

 facture of Beet Sugar, 92 ; the 

 Naudet Patent Process, Defeca- 

 tion and Filtration, 94, 95 ; 

 Boiling, 96, 97 ; Modern Methods 

 of Crystallising Sugar, ibid. ; 

 Triple Effect, ibid., Separation 

 from Molasses, 98 ; By-Products 

 of, 100 ; Megass, ibid. ; Molas- 

 cuit, 100 ; Molasses, ibid. ; Rum, 

 101 ; Sugar Cane, Improvement 

 of, 102 ; Beetroot Sugar, 102 ; 

 Historical Account of, 103 ; 105 ; 

 Achard's Method, 104 ; Con- 

 tinental Blockade of, 104 ; Cul- 

 tivation of, 105, 106, 107 ; 

 Manufacture of Sugar, 107-110; 

 Purification of the Juice, 109 ; 

 Boiling, ibid. ; By-products of 

 Beet Sugar, 110-113 ; Pulp, 110 ; 

 Filter Cake, ibid. ; Beet Sugar 

 Molasses, 112; Improvement of 

 Sugar Beet, 112; Maple Sugar, 

 113 

 Illustrations : — Java, a Field of 



young Sugar Canes, 76 ; Map of 

 the Sugar-producing Countries 

 of the World, 77 ; Carrying 

 Canes to the Factory in Mexico, 

 78 ; The Sugar Cane, 79 ; A 

 Sugar Cane Field at Vera Cruz, 

 80 ; Unloading Sugar Canes at 

 the Factory, 81 ; Sugar Factory, 

 Cooling Bowls, 82 ; Cutting 

 Sugar Cane, 83 ; Interior of 

 Australian Jam Factory, 84 ; 

 Isis Central Sugar Mill, 85 ; A 

 Germinating Sugar Cane Top, 

 86 ; Reaping Sugar Canes in the 

 West Indies, 87 ; Penang. Barges 

 Loaded with Cut Sugar Canes, 

 88 ; Queensland. Carrying Cut 

 Canes to the Factory, 89 ; Java, 

 a Primitive Sugar Cane Mill, 90 ; 

 Clarifiers, 91 ; Crushing, showing 

 the Ripe Canes on the Cane 

 Carriers, 92 ; Java, a Modern 

 Sugar Cane Mill, 93 ; Vacuum 

 Pans, 94 ; Java, Sugar Factory 

 with Centrifugal Machines on 

 the left and Vacuum Pans in the 

 Background, 95 ; Interior of a 

 Sugar Factory, 96 ; A row of 

 Centrifugal Machines, 97 ; Blos- 

 som of Coco-Nut Palm, 99 ; For 

 Beetroot Illustrations see under 

 Beetroots 



T 



Tans and Dyes. Operation of 

 Tanning, 349 ; Nature of Tan- 

 ning Materials, 349-350 ; Tanning 

 Materials derived from Oak, 

 350-351 ; Oak Bark, Oak Wood, 

 350; Galls, Valonia, 351; Tan- 

 ning Materials derived from 

 Coniferous Trees, 351-353 ; Hem- 

 lock Bark, 351; Birch Barks, 

 351, 352 ; Chestnut Bark and 

 Wood, 352 ; Willow Barks, ibid. ; 

 Wattle Barks, 352, 353 ; Divi- 

 Divi, 353 ; Sumac, ibid. ; Ca- 

 naigre or " Tanners' Dock," 

 354 ; Quebracho, ibid. ; Myro- 

 bolans, ibid. ; Gambier, ibid. ; 

 Mangrove Bark, 354, 355 ; Mallet 

 Bark, 355 ; Dye Stuffs, 355-358 ; 

 Indigo, 355 ; Cutch, 356 ; Red 

 Dye-woods, 356, 357 ; Brazil 

 Wood, Nina Wood, Sappon 

 Wood, 357 ; Camwood, Barwood, 

 and Red Sandlers Wood, ibid. ; 

 Yellow Dye Stuffs, 357 ; Old 

 Fustic, 357 ; other well-known 

 Dye Stuffs, 358 ; Archil, Cudbear 

 and Litmus 



Illustrations : — Hemlock Spruce, 

 349 ; Oak Tree, 350 ; Oak Apple 

 Galls, 351 ; Wattle, 352 ; Man- 

 grove Thicket, 354 ; Indigo, 355 ; 

 Mangrove and Pandanus Swamp, 

 356 



Tapioca, 70 



Tea. The Tea Plant, Description 

 of, 144 ; Original Home of, 144, 

 146 ; Introduction of the Pro- 

 duct into Europe, 146 ; Statistics 

 of Exports, 148, 149; The British- 



grown Article, 149 ; Imports- 

 to the United States, 150 ; to 

 other Countries, ibid. ; Tea In- 

 dustry in China, 150, 151 ; 

 Rise of Popularity of Tea in 

 England, 151 ; Chemistry of Tea, 



151, 152; Chinese Methods of 

 Cultivation and Manufacture, 



152, 153, 154 ; The Virgin Tea of 

 China, 156 ; The Chinese are 

 Experts in the Adulteration of 

 Tea, ibid. ; Black and Green 

 Teas, ibid. ; Notes of Robert 

 Fortune, 156, 157 ; Tea in Japan, 

 158-160 ; Gyokura and Sencha 

 Green Teas, 158 ; Method of 

 Preparation, 159, 160 ; Hikacha 

 Tea, 160 ; Tea in Ceylon, 160 ; 

 Origin of Tea in Ceylon, 161 ; 

 Statistics of, 161, 162 ; Tea in 

 India, 162, 163 ; Statistics of, 

 ibid. ; Tea in Natal, 163 ; Origin 

 of Plantations, 164 ; Statistics, 



166 ; Tea in the Caucasus, 166 ; 

 other Tea-growing Countries, 166, 



167 ; Modern Methods of Cul- 

 tivation and Manufacture, 167- 

 171 ; Preparation of Black Tea, 



170 ; of Green, 171 ; Brick Tea, 



171 ; Chief Centre of the In- 

 dustry in W. China, 171 ; Tablet 

 Tea, 172 ; Yerba de Mate, 172, 

 173 ; Three Grades of, 173 ; 173 ; 

 Yupon, ibid. ; Tea from Eu- 

 calyptus, 174 ; Bourbon and 

 Faham Tea, ibid. 

 Illustrations : — A Hill-side Plan- 

 tation, 144 ; a Ceylon Tea Garden, 

 145 ; Plucking Tea, 146 ; Map 

 of the Tea-producing Countries 

 of the World, 147 ; Plucking Tea 

 in Assam, 148 ; Japanese Women 

 Plucking Tea, 149; Chinese 

 Method of Rolling the Leaf, 150 ; 

 Chests of Chinese Tea ready for 

 Shipment, 151 ; Chinese Packing 

 Tea, 152 ; Tea Caravan in the 

 Streets of Pekin, 153 ; Japanese 

 women roasting the Tea, 154 ; 

 Japanese rolling the Leaf by 

 Hand, 155 ; An Indian Tea 

 Nursery, 156 ; Transplanting 

 young Tea Plant, 157 ; Pruning 

 Tea in Ceylon, 158 ; A Kangani 

 Superintending the Plucking, 

 159 ; Weighing the Day's Pluck- 

 ing, 160 ; Tea Plantations near 

 Batoum, 161 ; The Tea Harvest 

 at Batoum, 162 ; Tea Factory 

 at Batoum, 163 ; Weighing the 

 Day's Plucking in Ceylon, 164 ; 

 The Withering Process, 165 ; A 

 Rolling Machine at Work, 166 ; 

 End View of a Rolling Machine, 



167 ; A Sirocco Firing Machine, 



168 ; Interior of a Ceylon Tea 

 Factory, 169 ; Fermenting the 

 Leaf, 170 ; Sifting the Tea with 

 Sieves, 171 ; Coolies Carrying 

 Brick Tea to Tibet, 172 ; Trans- 

 port of Tea in Ceylon, 173 



Tea Seed Oil, 374 

 Theobroma Cacao, 114 

 Thierry, M. A. J., 180 

 Threshing, Methods of, 11 ; Ma- 

 chines for, 12, 14 



