CONTENTS 



PART I. TEXT 



CHAPTER I 

 LIFE AND ENERGY 



PAGE 



The Problem i 



Protoplasm - 2 



Brownian Movement and the Ultra- Microscope - 3 



The Kinetic Theory 4 



Amceboid Movement and Surface Tension 6 



Heterogeneous Systems and Boundary- Surfaces - 8 



Energy and its Laws 10 



The Cell-Membrane 15 



The Permeability of the Membrane 16 



Osmosis - 17 



Osmotic Pressure - 21 



Electrolytic Dissociation - 23 



Strength of Acids and Bases 26 



Indicators 27 



Electrical Resistance of Living Cells 28 



Changes in Permeability during Life 29 



The Colloidal State- 30 



Precipitation by Electrolytes - 35 



Electrical Adsorption and Staining 36 



Hydrolytic Dissociation 38 



The Nucleus of the Cell 39 



Mitochondria 39 



CHAPTER II 

 FOOD DIGESTION AND RESPIRATION 



Composition of Protoplasm - 41 



Source of Carbon The Sugars 41 



Source of Nitrogen The Amino-Acids 45 



Optical Activity 48 



The Green Plant 50 



The Cycle of Nitrogen 56 



Sulphur and Phosphorus 58 

 Salts 



