75 



upper jaw, as well as the lower, is very com- 

 monly moveable, like that of the carp and the 

 venomous serpents. 



The lips of quadrupeds are, for the most part, 

 less fleshy and prominent than those of man ; 

 and, in many of them, the upper lip has a fissure 

 extending to the nose. As in birds, so also in 

 quadrupeds, the herbivorous have larger salivary 

 glands than the carnivorous ; but these organs 

 are quite wanting in the Cetacea, which, living 

 constantly in water, have no more need of them 

 than fishes, in which also, as we have already 

 seen, they are wanting. The tongue of the ce- 

 taceous tribes, likewise, is more like that of fishes 

 than quadrupeds, being almost of a cartilaginous 

 consistence ; whereas, that of the latter is in ge- 

 neral soft and fleshy. It is usually flat ; but in 

 some, as the ant-eater, long and cylindrical, and 

 thus well adapted to collecting the insects on 

 which the animal subsists, almost in the same 

 way as that of the chameleon. Some quadrupeds, 

 as the cameleopard, use their tongue in the man- 

 ner of a hand, in bringing down the young 

 branches of trees, in cleaning out their nostrils, 

 and so forth ; and in these it is susceptible of a 

 very great variety of motions. In the dromedary, 

 and, still more remarkably, in the seal, the tongue 

 is slightly cloven : it is fringed in the opossum, 

 and, in most of the Feree, beset with prickles, 

 and sometimes even, as in one kind of bat, with 

 scales. What is called the worm of the tongue 

 in many carnivorous quadrupeds, particularly the 



