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preceding class. In the cray-fish the gullet is 

 very short, expanding almost immediately into a 

 large membranous stomach, which is situated 

 above the liver, and distinguished by being sup- 

 ported externally by a very peculiar bony frame- 

 work, consisting of five pieces, and by contain- 

 ing internally, three large and two small teeth, 

 surrounding the orifice which leads to the intes- 

 tines. These parts are regenerated, like the 

 shell of the animal, every year ; and it is about 

 the period of this regeneration that certain round, 

 earthy matters, used in medicine under the im- 

 proper name of crab's eyes, are also met with in 

 the stomach, their use being probably to co-ope- 

 rate with the teeth, at this period, in grinding 

 the food. Similar teeth are met with also in 

 the stomachs, or rather gizzards, of some kinds 

 of grasshopper and beetle. The scorpion has a 

 short gullet, and a long cylindrical stomach, 

 which receives, at its lower part, the biliary ves- 

 sels ; while, near the lower part of the intestinal 

 canal, is situated its venom-bag, in a depression 

 in the last segment of the body ; on this is fixed 

 the horny sting, an aperture in the point of 

 which gives exit to the poison, in the same man- 

 ner as the perforated teeth of the spider and other 

 animals, the bite of which is poisonous, conduct 

 their venom. In the bee, the gullet and stomach 

 are each very short and straight, but the former 

 is dilated into a kind of crop, in which, appa- 

 rently, the honey is prepared, and from which it 



