8,5 



found one end of a frog, for example, perfectly 

 digested in the stomach and gullet of a serpent, 

 while the other, still living, was hanging from its 

 jaws ! In some reptiles, as the eft, the gullet is 

 furnished with a crop or craw. The stomach of 

 some reptiles, as the turtle, is, like that of the 

 shark, divided into distinct right and left por- 

 tions ; while others, as the crocodile, have a kind 

 of gizzard, like that of the trout and mullet. 

 The liver is very large in most reptiles, as well as 

 fishes ; and what is remarkable, all reptiles have 

 a gall-bladder. We meet with in them also, for 

 the first time as we ascend the scale of animals, 

 a proper pancreas, or sweet bread ; the place of 

 this organ having been supplied, in most fishes, 

 by a heap of blind tubes opening upon some part 

 or other of the intestinal canal. The use of this 

 organ is to supply a peculiar fluid, something like 

 saliva, which co-operates with the bile, coming 

 from the liver, in effecting the necessary changes 

 in the alimentary matters. The whole alimen- 

 tary canal is in some reptiles, as serpents, re- 

 markably short, like that of fishes ; while frogs, 

 turtles arid lizards, have it in general of the same 

 relative length as most birds and quadrupeds. 



The craw or crop is more remarkable in the 

 gullet of the gallinaceous birds, than in that of 

 any other animal ; arid in the pigeon there is 

 besides, on each side of this passage, a spherical 

 bag, capable of being distended with air, which 

 gives the animal the appearance called pouting. 

 It is in this class of animals also that that form 



