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elephant, peccari, hippopotamus, sloth, and seve- 

 ral other quadrupeds. From these the transition 

 is easy to those in which there is a plurality of 

 stomachs, as the porcupine, which has three, 

 and most of the ruminating quadrupeds, which 

 have two, three, or four, distinguished when 

 there are four by the names of paunch, (ventri- 

 culus), bonnet, (reticulum)> many-plies, (oma- 

 sum), and caille, (obomasum). When the food 

 is swallowed for the first time, it passes directly 

 from the gullet into the paunch, where it under- 

 goes some necessary changes, and it is then 

 transmitted to the bonnet, to be mixed with the 

 fluids of that cavity. This process is going on 

 during the time the animal is grazing, when, 

 from the incessant occupation of nipping off the 

 grass, it has not leisure to chew it sufficiently. 

 Upon its afterwards reposing itself, however, the 

 half chewed aliment is brought again, in succes- 

 sive little balls, from the bonnet into the mouth, 

 where it is now subjected to a perfect mastica- 

 tion ; and, when again swallowed, it passes di- 

 rectly to the many-plies, thence, after some time, 

 to the caille, and ultimately to the intestines. 

 How beautifully is this structure adapted to the 

 habits of the animal, and how strictly analogous 

 is this second chewing to the action of the giz- 

 zards of the gallinaceous birds ! But, perhaps, 

 a still more striking example of the adaptation 

 of the structure of animals to their habits is pre- 

 sented in the camel. In this animal, the paunch 

 has two deep cellular appendages, and the bon- 



