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the smell is wonderful white bears for example, 

 being found to come swimming to the Greenland 

 ships, when a whale is cutting up, from all quar- 

 ters, and far out of sight. Some quadrupeds, as 

 the hog, the peccari and the tapir, have a re- 

 markable power of moving the extremity of their 

 snout ; but this is probably less for the purpose 

 of smell, than for that of burrowing, &c., their 

 snout being to them, as its proboscis is to the ele- 

 phant, a kind of hand. 



With respect to sight, it is equally doubtful as 

 with respect to smell, whether there be any spe- 

 cific organ for this function in quite the lowest 

 tribes of animals ; although some of them, as the 

 armed polype, the sea-feather and some coral- 

 lines certainly do see, or at least are capable of 

 distinguishing light from darkness, the former 

 being always found to move towards the light, 

 and the two latter from it. It is, however, pro- 

 bably by a kind of touch that they do this, rather 

 than by sight, properly so called ; and of this the 

 numerous papillae on the surface of the body may 

 be presumed to be the chief instruments ; so also 

 the first appearance of distinct organs of vision 

 is that of stemmata, as they are called, or small 

 knobs, more or fewer, projecting from the sur- 

 face of the body, as is the case in the leech ; and 

 what are regarded as the eyes of the snail are 

 little more than similar knobs, placed at the ex- 

 tremity of their long feelers, and capable of being 

 retracted by the muscles of the latter, into which 



