APPENDIX TO CHAPTER XIX 



315 



d$. Beak hooked ; strong, sharp, hooked 



claws ...... Eaptores 



d. Beak shorter than high ; thick, fleshy 



tongue . . . -...'. Psittaci 



C 2 . Without cere. 



d. Beak long, often heavy ; tongue thin ; 



stiff plumage with little down ; 



metatarsus with half rings on 



scutes; feet scansorial . . . Scansores 

 d%. Metatarsus with no scales or rudi- 

 mentary ones ; feathered in upper 



part . . . . . Cypselomorphce 



t?3. Metatarsus covered with laminae or 



scales, rarely feathered, usually 



with singing apparatus ; feet not 



scansorial, mostly migratory .;. Passeres 



Sternum without keel [Ratitse] . . .. ...* . Cursores 



KEY TO THE FAMILIES OF PASSERES OF NORTHERN UNITED 

 STATES, BASED ON D. S. JORDAN 



i. First of the 10 primaries more than f length of 



longest of the others [Clamatores] . . . Tyraimidce 



2- First of 10 primaries short, rudimentary or ab- 

 sent ; musical apparatus highly developed 

 [Oscines]. 



61. First primary short or spurious [primaries 10]. 

 Ci. Tarsus booted ; rictus with bristles. 



d\. Middle toe quite free from inner ; 

 birds of moderate size ; length 

 more than 15 centimetres. 

 e\. Wings when folded not reaching 



beyond middle of tail ; no blue Turdidce 



e%. Wings reaching beyond middle 



of tail ; ours chiefly blue . Saxicolidce 



c?2- Middle and inner toe connected at 

 base ; length less than 13 cen- 

 timetres . , . Sy1viid.ce 

 c 2 . Tarsus scutellate in front. 



d\. Nostrils concealed by bristly feathers. 



