316 



ZOOLOGY 



ci. First primary not more than 

 length of second ; length less 

 than 20 centimetres. 

 /i. Bill as long as head ; wings 



longer than tail . . tiittidte 



/ 2 . Bill much shorter than head ; 



wings about as long as tail Paridas 



e%. First primary more than \ lengtli 

 of second j length more than 

 20 centimetres . . , : Corvtdce 



d 2 - Nostrils exposed or merely overhung 



by feathers, 

 ci. Bill notched near tip. 



/i. Tail longer than wings ; gen- 

 eral color gray or ashy 

 brown. 



g\. Bill very stout and deeply 

 notched and hooked ; 

 bird over 17 centi- 

 metres . ';'. . Laniidce 

 f/o. Bill neither stout, 

 notched, nor hooked ; 

 bird over 17 centimetres Turdidce 

 <jz. Bill very slender ; bird 



under 17 centimetres . /Sylviidcu 



fa. Tail shorter than wings ; gen- 

 eral color olivaceous . -, Vireonidai 

 P.Z. Bill not notched. 



f r Rictus with bristles. 



~y\. Quills not barred ; length 



over 20 centimetres . Turdidw 



y-2. Wing and tall barred ; 

 length under 18 cen- 

 timetres . ... Troglodytidce 

 / 2 . Rictus without bristles . Certhiidte 



First primary about as long as second ; the 

 real first rudimentary, leaving apparently 9. 

 c,. Bill triangular, depressed, as wide at base 



as long ; gape twice as long as culmen Hir-udinidas 



c 2 . Bill stout, conic, with convex outlines, 



