﻿EFFECTS OF COLD 



tural disintegration of the living substance. 

 It is as if all of the mortar used in the con- 

 struction of a building had been irregularly 

 withdrawn, leaving only a toppling, ruinous 

 pile of bricks. 



Fig. 8. Spirogvra magnified 300 times: a, intact; b, frozen 

 in ice- the cells are shrunken but no ice is formed in the cells ; 

 c, thawed : the protoplasm is contracted upon the chlorophyll 

 bands, and the nucleus is disorganized. Alter Molisch 



