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ECHINACEA EDR AIANTHUS. 



aspect, 2 to 4 ft. high. Flowers, in 

 summer ; light purple or rose, 4 to 6 

 in. across. Leaves, lance - shaped, 

 hairy, entire, 3-nerved, 4 to 8 in. 

 long, and about in. broad; stem 

 hairy below, nearly smooth above 

 the middle. Root perpendicular. North 

 America. The positions and treat- 

 ment, etc. recommended for E. pur- 

 purea will suit this perfectly. 



Echinacea purpurea (Purple K) 

 Rudbeckia purpurea. A rigid, stout, 

 and remarkable-looking perennial, 3 

 to 4 ft. high, or more, in very rich, 

 warm soils. Mowers, late in summer 

 and in autumn ; dull purple, 4 or 5 

 inches across. Leaves of root oval- 

 lance-shaped, on reddish stalks ; stem- 

 leaves more lance-shaped, taper- 

 ing into a winged stalk, or nearly 

 stalkless ; all somewhat rough. Stem 

 smooth. E. serotina is a variety of 

 this, with hairy and rougher leaves ; 

 the rays usually shorter and broader. 

 Southern and Western United States 



of America. Associated with the 



Tritoinas, Eryngium amethystinum, 

 or plants of like stature and merit, in 

 mixed borders, or as strong, isolated 

 tufts, in warm spots in the subtropical 

 garden or pleasure-ground, always in 

 rich, deep soil. Propagated by seed or 

 division of the root in autumn, or very 

 early spring; the plants not to be 

 often disturbed for this purpose. 



Echinops bannaticus (Hungarian 

 E.) A plant of stiff, slightly 

 branching habit, 2 to 3 ft. high or 

 more. Flowers, in summer; blue, in 

 spherical heads. Leaves, roughish, 

 pubescent above, downy underneath ; 

 radical ones pinnate, upper ones pin- 

 natifid; lobes oblong, acuminate, spiny, 

 somewhat sinuated, and having a 

 spinous fringe. Hungary and Southern 



Tauria. Borders and edges of 



woods, naturalization in copses, or in 

 groups with the bolder perennials, 

 in any soil. Division. 



Echinops exaltatus (Tall E.} A 

 vigorous species, 5 to 7 ft. high. 

 Flowers in summer ; whitish, in large 

 spherical heads ; stem rather simple, 

 covered with glandular hairs and 

 cob web -like down. Leaves, pinnatifid, 

 rough on the upper side with thinly- 

 set hairs, covered underneath with 

 ash-coloured down, and set with small 

 spines on the margin; scales of the 

 involucrum smooth, pointed, shortly 

 ciliated ; pappus crown -shaped. Aus- 

 tria. Scarcely worthy of a posi- 

 tion in the borders, not being nearly 

 so ornamental as the following 

 species, but worthy of being natu- 

 ralized amongst the most vigorous 

 perennials in half -wild places, in any 

 soil. Division. 



Echinops ruthenicus. The hand- 

 somest species I am acquainted with, 

 34 to 4 ft. high ; the heads of bloom 

 being of a fine blue. Flowers, late 

 in summer ; blue, collected in spheri- 

 cal clusters on the tops of the branches, 

 those on the summit of the clusters 

 opening first, and all resting on a 

 common receptacle ; each flower-head 

 is surrounded by an oblong, angular 

 involucrum, formed of linear-awl- 

 shaped bluish scales. Leaves, alter- 

 nate, leathery, pinnatifid, with toothed 

 and spiny divisions, like those of 

 some Thistles, of a dull green above, 

 white and cottony underneath ; stem 

 also covered with a cottony down of 

 silvery whiteness. Southern Russia. 



A first-rate border plant ; also 



excellent for groups, and for naturali- 

 zation in open glades, near wood- 

 walks, in ordinary soil. Division. 



Edraianthus Pumilio (Silvery Hare- 

 bell). A singularly pretty and minute 

 rock-plant, allied to the Campanulas, 

 with foliage resembling that of a 

 dwarf tufted Pink ; about 3 in. high. 

 Flowers, early in summer ; of a pure, 

 purplish blue, about 1 in. long, termi- 



