174 Classified Lists 



with a rich compost of loam, manure, leaf mold and a little sand. 

 Add clay to the soil for Hybrid Perpetuals. In planting budded roses 

 set the budded parts two or three inches below the surface of the ground, 

 to prevent throwing out suckers; press the soil well in about the roots, 

 leaving a slight depression about the root so that when watered the 

 moisture may be all absorbed. For winter protection, draw the earth 

 well up about the roots (for Teas it may be a foot or eighteen inches 

 deep); peg down any long branches; cover with a foot or two of coarse 

 grass or hay, and over this a few inches of coarse manure green manure 

 will answer, and a part of it may be dug in in the spring. Very hardy 

 varieties do not need so heavy a mulch, only a little manure at the roots 

 and a few inches of dry leaves and a bough or two to keep them in place. 

 It is well to wrap the stalks from six to twelve inches high with tarred 

 paper, just before the manure is placed about the roots, as a preventive 

 against mice which work close to the ground. When in bud give fre- 

 quent weak solutions of liquid manure, and continue through the flower- 

 ing season. This may be made by securing a stout burlap bag to a 

 barrel hoop, and placing in it a half bushel of manure and suspending 

 it in a barrel partly filled with water; or sheep manure in the proportion 

 of a pound to five gallons of water, and when used, as much more water 

 may again be added. In setting out, prune from one third to one half, 

 cutting just above a bud on the outside of the cane, and cut off smoothly 

 all broken or bruised roots. At no time prune too severely, as it induces 

 vigorous leafy shoots, but no flowers. Pruning a collection of mixed 

 roses is a serious matter, and needs much study and knowledge of 

 particular varieties. Some may be cut within six inches of the ground; 

 others, like the dwarf Hybrid Perpetuals, should be slightly pruned in 

 the spring, and cut back at least one half after the blooming season is 

 over; others, like the Teas and Hybrid Teas, can bear only a gentle 

 pruning, little more than cutting away dead or weak wood when the 

 dormant buds begin to swell; otherwise one may mistake live wood for 

 dead. Roses may be planted either in the autumn, some say rather 

 early, others advise November; or they may be set out in early spring 

 while still dormant. They should be taken up every four or five years 

 and reset in a new place, or in newly enriched soil. To propagate roses 

 take cuttings six inches long late in October or November after the 

 wood has ripened and the leaves have fallen. Tie them in bundles and 

 store for the winter in boxes of damp sand set in a cold frame or cellar 

 where they will be protected from frost. Or the cuttings may be buried 



