APPENDIX. 239 



milk, allow each half a pound of meal per day in water. They must have 

 enough to drink, a little salt once in a while, a shed with a tight roof to 

 shelter them from rain storms or hot suus, and a few shovelfuls of dry 

 ashes in which to wallow and keep off lice. This last may be omitted 

 of only given once in a while. For young pigs, meal should always be 

 cooked or scalded, as raw meal is apt to give them the scours. They 

 should also have free access to charcoal. It is not good for them 

 to eat ashes, nor will they, if they have charcoal ; but an ash heap to 

 wallow in will keep them free from lice and fleas. I should also add 

 that my store hogs readily eat fresh cut, green clover, so that, if they have 

 but a small paddock and eat it all down, they can be fed cut clover thrown 

 over the fence to them." 



F. W. Stone, Esq., Moreton Lodge, Guelph, Ontario, 

 writes : 



" I consider the improved Berkshire the most useful breed for far- 

 mers. With pigs, as with every other kind of improved stock, farmers 

 should use nothing but pure-bred male animals. Many farmers send 

 their sows to a pure-bred boar, and are so well pleased with the young 

 pigs, that they select one of them for a boar, and in this way the im- 

 provement is soon lost. * * There are many unprincipled men who 

 sell grades for pure breeds, and those who purchase them are disappoint- 

 ed in trying to improve their stock. The breeders of pure-bred stock 

 Buffer more from the false representations of such persons than in any 

 other way. Parties, when commencing to breed, or wishing to improve 

 their common stock, should purchase only from reliable breeders, and 

 not from jobbers or traders, who sell anything they can make money 

 by. The young breeder should select the most perfect animals he can 

 find. It is better, in commencing, to invest money in quality rather 

 than in numbers. 



u I believe it is better for young sows not to have pigs until they are 

 14 or 16 months old, though, if the pigs have been well fed, and proper- 

 ly cared for since they were' farrowed, good litters may often be obtained 

 at 12 months. A sow, not well fed, is generally pulled down too much 

 to gain the size she otherwise would, by having her first litter before 

 she is 12 mouths old. 



"In Canada, pigs are generally fed with pea-meal, or peas and oats, 

 chopped and mixed with potatoes or boiled turnips. It is my opinion 

 that regularity in feeding is an exceedingly important point. Those, 

 who throw down, at one time, double the amount of food the pigs can 

 eat, and then let the proper time go by without feeding anything, find 

 that their pork costs them double what it costs a careful and regular 

 feeder who takes pleasure in watching his pigs eat." 



James Howard, M. P., of Bedford, England, a very 

 successful breeder of Large or Medium Yorkshires, writes : 

 " Mr. Fisher, of Carhead, Yorkshire, has published a capi- 



