12 ON SNOW-SHOES TO THE BARREN GROUNDS 



represent the value, but were soon replaced with a metal 

 coin. Quills and bullets were also sometimes used for 

 this purpose. In the far North, and in fact at many 

 points not very far from the line of railway, the Indian 

 still gets his advances to enable him to go hunting, and 





**- : 



* 



A MEDICINE-MAN S LODGE 



pays back his debts in the spring-time in "made beaver," 

 or "skins," as the medium of exchange is technically 

 known. Though the march of civilization and consequent 

 competition have made it more difficult to deal with the 

 Indians, the trade in many respects is conducted as it was 

 over two hundred years ago. 



One surprise at least awaited me at Edmonton. I had 

 expected I will be more honest, and say I had hoped 

 Edmonton would prove to be a bit untamed and pict- 

 uresque. The realization of being on this Canadian 

 frontier raised memories of other frontier days across the 



