442 ICE-BOUND ON KOLGUEV 



Ursus maritimus Desm. Polar Bear. 



Oskoog(R.). Hcv-diil{S.). 



A chance polar bear or two appear each winter on the island. In the 

 winter of 1893-94 Uano killed a female and two cubs far inland in the 

 Pesanka hills. The dogs bay the bear and the men shoot it with flint- 

 lock rifles. 



Canis lupus L. Wolf. 



, The wolf very rarely crosses to the island. But in the winter of 

 1892-93 two came over the ice, as Uano told me, and had killed twenty- 

 five of his reindeer before he shot them. 



C. vulpes L. Fox. 



Lisitsa (R.). Tchu-br-nia (S.). 



The red fox is not very plentiful. During the summer it frequently 

 lies out on the moss or in the willow bushes. It is a lighter-coloured, 

 lankier animal than our own, and has a longer brush and flatter sides. 

 It chiefly preys on the willow-grouse. 



C. lagopus L. Arctic Fox. 

 Psi-itz (R.). No-hb (S.). 



This is far more abundant than the last species. These foxes live 

 colonially, in warrens in the dry sand. They feed principally on 

 remains of dead seals, fish, crustaceans and molluscs, which they find on 

 the shore. I have reason to believe that they also take live fish from 

 the lakes. 



Cervus tarandus L. 



Oleyn (R.). Tu (S.). 



I was never able to determine whether wild reindeer ever cross to 

 Kolguev from the mainland. There seems no reason against their 

 doing so ; but the Samoyeds disagreed on the point. Some said they 

 did, others maintained the contrary. 



